傳統綠色基礎設施之陂塘景觀及其現代應用研究

Bei Tang Landscape: As the Traditional Green Infrastructure and Its Application in Modern Society

劉群閱(Qun-Yue LIU) ； 施艷蓉(Yan-Rong Shi) ； 黃啟堂(Qi-Tang Huang) ； 蘭思仁(Si-Ren Lan)

《傳承與創新-文化混血的設計創意》 十五屆 (2016/12) Pp. 1-13

https://doi.org/10.6678/IICHC.2016.01

摘要

陂塘景觀是中國歷史發展存留下來的傳統綠色基礎設施，是先民們在長期的耕作實踐中形成的一種水適應性景觀，有其獨特的地域性和文化性，反應了先民尊重及善用土地、自然、水的生活態度及方式，凝聚了先民們的勞動智慧。然而，中國當代快速的城市化建設，使得城市和鄉村地區的陂塘、水塘等水體正在大量消失。在分析陂塘及其相關定義的基礎上，參照相關研究指出了陂塘景觀的定義，並根據陂塘的位置將陂塘景觀分成了三類。陂塘景觀有著眾多的功能，包括調節滯蓄與水質淨化、保護生物多樣性、遊憩娛樂、形成地域文化景觀、養殖生產和防災避險等。接著以景觀生態學為基礎，提出從面積特徵、形狀特徵、邊緣特徵、容量特徵、空間結構特徵5個方面的若干個指標來進行測量，從而分析陂塘景觀的特徵，再以天津橋園“細胞－陂塘”景觀系統和貴州六盤水明湖濕地公園“梯田－陂塘”景觀兩個案例來分析陂塘景觀在現代景觀設計中的應用及其所發揮的雨洪滯蓄、水質調節等一系列功能，最後，進一步強調了陂塘景觀的功能、蘊含的哲學智慧及其對當代中國城市建設的重要作用及意義，並對未來的相關研究進行了展望。

關鍵字

陂塘景觀 ； 水適應景觀 ； 綠色基礎設施

並列摘要

Bei Tang landscape is one type of Chinese traditional green infrastructure left from the history and it’s also one type of resilient adaptive water human made landscape created for the best use of local water and land resources, which is full of unique regional and cultural characters and reflects the ancestors' respect to nature and good use of nature. However, against the backdrop of rapid urbanization, Bei Tang and other water bodies have been disappearing in batches. Through a comprehensive review of previous relevant literature, this paper articulates the definition, types of Bei Tang according to the position and the functions including storm water retention and storage, water purification, biodiversity conservation, recreation and entertainment, the formation of regional cultural landscape, farming production and disaster prevention, and so on. Followed, this paper proposes that the landscape features of Bei Tang could be described from a number of indicators of five aspects including area feature, shape feature, edge feature, capacity feature and spatial structure feature based on landscape ecology and takes the Tianjin Qiaoyuan Park and the Guizhou Minghu Wetland Park two cases as examples to analyze the application of Bei Tang landscape in modern landscape design and the functions of storm water retention and storage and water purification and so on. Finally, the paper emphasizes the functions and wisdom of Bei Tang landscape, its significance to Chinese urbanization and related future research.

並列關鍵字

Bei Tang Landscape ； Water-adaptive Landscape ； Green Infrastructure