中國傳統空間概念中整體景觀策略之探討

隨著中國經濟、社會與科技的發展，現在空間環境中的因素多元而複雜，景觀創意也變得越來越複雜。而在當今的景觀設計過程中，設計師、規劃師與藝術家都過度依賴理性的設計方法和感性的藝術感受，並以追求獨特的創意靈感、經驗去應對景觀設計所面臨的複雜狀況，可能會導致「空間概念」的局限性，城鄉景觀空間規劃的嚴重分化，甚至導致景觀規劃和設計跟不上時代變革所帶來的變化。事實上，中國人在巨大的空間尺度及複雜的自然環境實踐中，曾經建構了一套基於崇尚自然與文化，以山、水景觀作為空間坐標，貫穿於國土治理、都市營造、村落風水塑造的空間秩序系統，強調以「□」的平面格局貫穿于各種空間類型，並形塑出整體的環境景觀。本文採用文獻回顧和空間「圖式」認知分析法，將整體空間概念分解成「國土－城市－鄉村」三個空間層級，並以「圖式」描述其景觀環境；以「□」形為基本符號結合拓撲幾何學概念，探討空間概念中潛藏的整體景觀策略：分析景觀結構具有的空間定向、區域劃分、空間擴展等特性，討論基本空間圖式及其創造的「力場」；將「國土－城市－鄉村」等三個空間層級組織成整體空間系統，討論其景觀尺度、構成及聯繫；結合人類社會，討論「空間概念」形塑的景觀「場域」。目的是探討中國傳統空間概念所蘊藏的整合多元文化和複雜環境的景觀策略，以期為未來的景觀設計提供空間架構的參考。

關鍵字

景觀；空間概念；空間圖式；策略；文化

並列摘要

With the development of China's economy, society and science and technology, the factors in the space environment are diverse and complex, and the landscape creativity is becoming more and more complex. In today's landscape design process, designers, planners and artists rely too much on rational design methods and perceptual artistic feelings, and pursue unique creative inspiration and experience to deal with the complex situation faced by landscape design, which may lead to the limitation of ＂space concept＂, the serious differentiation of urban and rural landscape space planning, and even lead to landscape planning and design can not keep up with the changes brought about by the changes of the times. In fact, in the huge space scale and the complex natural environment practice, the Chinese people once constructed a set of culture based on advocating nature and culture, with mountain and water landscape as the space coordinates, throughout the land management, urban construction, village of Feng Shui shaped space order system, it emphasizes that the plane pattern of ＂□＂ runs through all kinds of space types and shapes the overall environmental landscape. Using literature review and spatial ＂schema＂ cognitive analysis, this paper decomposes the concept of holistic space into three spatial levels of ＂land-city-village＂ and describes its landscape environment with ＂schema＂. Based on the concept of ＂□＂ form and topological geometry, this paper explores the holistic landscape strategy hidden in the concept of space: analyzing the spatial orientation and regional division of landscape structure. The basic spatial schema and the force field created by it are discussed, and the three spatial levels of ＂land-city-village＂ are organized into a whole spatial system to discuss the landscape scale, composition and connection. The landscape ＂field＂ shaped by ＂space concept＂ is discussed in the light of human society. The purpose is to explore the landscape strategy of integrating multi-culture and complex environment contained in the traditional Chinese concept of space, in order to provide a reference for future landscape design.