高峰原妙(1238-1295)是宋末元初時期專精於「看話禪」的臨濟宗禪師,而此一禪法是從南宋開始流傳到現今,中國禪宗所特有的禪修方法。 本論文藉由分析高峰的二本著作,《高峰原妙禪師禪要》與《高峰原妙禪師語錄》,來探討其思想與禪法。在思想上,以看話禪法的教理依據、主要目的與主要原則三點為主軸,探討高峰在此三方面的思想內容。在方法上,高峰提出「大信根」、「大憤志」與「大疑情」為參禪所須具備的「三要」素。再者,筆者提出四項參話頭的功能,分別是「下般若種子」、「打成一片」、「入無心三眛」與「透祖師關」。 本研究的完成,在學術上提供一份元朝看話禪法的研究,同時此研究成果也可讓當代以參話頭為修行法門的行者付諸實行。
Gaofeng Yuanmiao (1238-1295) was a Chan master of the Linji school between the Sung and Yuan dynasties. He was well-known for his proficiency in “Kanhua Chan”, a uniquely sinitic form of meditation handed down from South Sung. This thesis discusses Gaofeng’s Chan thought and practice by analyzing the content of his two texts, Gaofeng yuanmiao chanshi chanyao and Gaofeng yuanmiao chanshi yulu. I discuss Gaofeng’s ideas on the theory basis, main purpose, and main principle of the Kanhua Chan, and discuss Gaofeng’s methods of huatou investigation: “great faith”, “great zeal”, and “great doubt” as the “three essentials” for accessing awakening. Moreover, I describe four implied functions of huatou investigation. These are (1) the “cultivation of the prajñā seeds”, (2) “fusion into wholeness”, (3) “accessing the no-mind samādhi”, and (4) “passing the patriarchs’ barrier”. An important aspect of this thesis is that it is the first original research to focus on Kanhua Chan in the Yuan dynasty, such that the results can be applied into practice for those doing huatou practice.