摘 要 本論文研究的主題為「台灣碳交易制度之探討」,因隨著國際油價與原物料價格日漸上漲,及全球暖化效應造成全球氣候極端異常,使得世界各國意識到地球生態環境的惡化與天然資源有限的嚴重性,因此減少碳排放、追求永續發展已成為各國政府的共識。 1992年聯合國在巴西里約熱內盧召開的「聯合國環境與發展會議」,通過「聯合國氣候變化綱要公約(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC)」,並於1994年正式生效,為第一部關於氣候變遷並具有法律約束力的全球性條約,1997年,「京都議定書」(Kyoto Protocol)規定已開發國家的減量義務和促進發展中國家永續發展的雙重目標。 我國因政治因素,無法成為氣候變化綱要公約國亦非屬京都議定書附件一國家,雖然無京都議定書中共同減量的義務,但身為地球村的一員,為因應未來可能的國際壓力,仍須積極尋求節能減碳之最佳可行方案。 由於我國實施温室氣體減量之主要法源--「温室氣體減量法」,仍在立法院審議中,本研究透過該法案中規劃之方向,並參考國際間目前施行之碳總量管制與排放交易模式內容、現行温室氣體減量管理制度及相關法規,建議出一套適合台灣施行之碳排放交易模式,未來如果政府在推動排放權交易時,希望能有參考價值。 關鍵詞:聯合國氣候變化綱要公約,京都議定書,温室氣體減量法
ABSTRACT Due to the rising prices of energy and raw materials and the global warming, the world leaders have become aware of the threats from Earth’s ecological deterioration and decreasing natural resources. Hence, governments from all over the world agreed to work toward the environmental protection and the sustainable development of the planet. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development was held in June, 1992, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was passed and came into effect in 1994. It was the first legally binding treaty on climate changes. In 1997, Kyoto Protocol stipulated the dual goals of developing countries’ obligations of carbon reduction and their sustainable development. Taiwan is neither a member of the UN nor a member in the Kyoto mechanisms. Taiwan still needs to plan strategies to prepare for the impacts of global warming on its people and society. As a member of global society, Taiwan has devoted in mitigating domestic Greenhouse Gas emissions as well as adapting climate change impact through an integrated management approach to demonstrate to the international community Taiwan's willingness to participate in global actions to reduce GHG emissions. The draft GHG Reduction Act (“Bill”) was submitted to the Legislative Yuan for deliberation. This study will review the provisions, emission systems, and financial regulations. Then, a set of emission trading model is recommended to the government in developing and implementing domestic GHG emission reduction. Key words: UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, GHG Reduction Act