本研究旨在藉由於真實課堂中行動的歷程,建構出一套以學習者主動理解為導向的華語近義詞教學模式。此教學模式涵蓋近義詞組的選擇、辨義條件的框架、教師如何辨析、課程設計、教學策略與原則等項目。 此課題透過行動研究法進行,並經由教學錄影、半結構性訪談、教學反思札記、教學視導紀錄與測驗結果等方法,從不同的角度建構出教學模式。行動分為四個階段:第一,轉化自語法文獻的教學探索。第二,自習得文獻中建構出本研究的教學模式框架,此框架包含前導組織、主動探索、互動討論、教師釋義、記憶鞏固與應用等步驟。第三,以高級程度的學習者進行假設的驗證。第四,以該階段四組近義詞教學實例,經由行動、資料蒐集、驗證反思、再行動、再驗證反思的循環過程,對教學模式進行再建構。 經由結果得知,教學時採用本研究建構之教學模式,除了能提高學習者學習保存率外,亦能於教學的過程中,培養學習者對近義詞的辨析能力,對繼續學習具有實質上的助益。最後是對行動歷程的反思,針對研究中的不足之處提出建議,以供華語教師與相關研究者參考。
This research is conducted through action research on real language classes, constructing a set of near-synonym teaching model, which emphasizes on the active learning process. This model includes choosing the appropriate near-synonym phrases, meaning-based differentiation rules, teacher’s method on differentiating the near-synonym phrases, curriculum design, teaching strategy, and teaching principle. This research is conducted through an action research, by analyzing classrooms’ recordings, semi-structured interview, teaching journals, supervising-instructor’s notes, and result of the exams, thus resulting in the construction of teaching model from different perspectives. This action research could be divided into four parts, first, finding related teaching notes through literary review; second, constructing the framework of teaching model, which includes introduction, exploration, discussion, teacher’s explanation, memorization, and application; third, verifying the hypothesis on high proficiency leaner; fourth, reconstructing the teaching methodology by implementing action research on four different groups, through the process of conducting research, collecting data, responding on the result of verification, re-conducting research, re-verifying data, and repeating the whole cycle of this research. The result shows that the teaching model not only increase learning efficiency, but also develop learners’ ability to differentiate the usage of near-synonym phrases, as a reference for teachers of Chinese as second language and researcher, the reflections and the suggestion were included.