10kW中小型垂直軸風力發電之永磁式同步發電機設計

近年來綠能的議題不斷，氣候暖化、石油危機、日本核災事件和新興的碳權交易市場，以致風力發電發展活躍且市佔率高。本研究係提出一種Halbach Array運用在雙層永磁無鐵心式(coreless)磁路結構，作最佳化的設計，以完成永磁式風力發電機之模擬，並結合磁路結構分析與探討，減少永久磁鐵所採用導磁材料的使用量，達成減重的目的，以解決現有中小型風力發電機的缺點及提高功率密度。本文中討論了永磁同步發電機結合Halbach Array最佳化的設計，並利用有限元素軟體進行模擬分析，縮短以往電機需反覆設計製造和測試的時間，並比較市售永磁發電機產品，又考慮相關風能特性，進一步分析與設計，以找出最適用於風力發電的發電機型式。測試結果，成功降低導磁軛鐵使用量，實際導入生產後大幅減少重量。Halbach Array最佳化的驗証結果，最佳效率發生在固定處，設計在相同永磁材料及設計條件下發電機輸出功率可達到58.7%以上，並解決了頻率增倍時所造成的輸出功率大幅降低的問題，且電氣頻率設計在原來量產規格的二倍。

關鍵字

低頓轉扭矩； Halbach Array ； Maxwell 3D ；垂直軸風力機

並列摘要

There are so many green energy issues in recent years. Global warming, crisis of fossil energy, the emerging carbon trading market, even the recent nuclear tragedy in Japan, were raising the market share and development of wind energy. The purpose of this study is to optimize the PM Coreless (coreless) magnetic structure design by using Halbach Array. By combining with analysis of magnetic structures, we could reduce the number of permanent magnet magnetic steel usage. Finally, we could reach weight reduction, solve the current problems of small wind turbines and increase power efficiency. This article discusses the optimizing design of permanent magnetic synchronous generator by combining Halbach Array. We could shorten the repeat time of motor designing, manufacturing and testing which were frequently happened in the past manufacturing process by using finite element analysis software simulation. Finally we could compare all products of permanent magnet generator in current market, together with consideration of features of wind power, further analysis and design, we could figure out the most suitable type of generator for wind power by more analysis and design. The Test results, successfully reduce the number of magnetic yoke, and substantially reduce weight when mass production. The optimization of Halbach Array has verified the results that the best efficiency will happen on a fixed position. Under the same design conditions the output power efficiency of generator can reach more than 58.7%, and solve the problem of sharp power reduction when frequency is double. The electrical frequency could be double of the specifications of the original mass production.

並列關鍵字

Low Cogging Torque ； Halbach Array ； Maxwell 3D ； Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

參考文獻

[3] 蔡明祺，「電動機原理講義」，成大馬達科技研究中心，2004。

[4] K. Halbach，Design of Permanent Multipole Magnets with Oriented Rare Earth Cobalt Material，Nucl. Inst. Methods，1980。

[5] O.Ågren，M. Berg，and M. Leijon，A time-dependent potential flow theory for the aerodynamics of vertical axis wind turbines，Sweden，2005。

[6] 楊博超，Investigation of Three-kilowatt Wind Power Generator with Low Cogging Torque.，國立清華大學2007。

[8] Koen J. Meessen，Bart L. J. Gysen，Johannes J. H. Paulides，Elena A. Lomonova，Halbach Permanent Magnet Shape Selection for Slotless Tubular Actuators

國際替代計量

10kW中小型垂直軸風力發電之永磁式同步發電機設計

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