中國公民社會的企業家新同盟：以阿拉善SEE生態協會為例

Entrepreneur as A New Ally of Civil Society in China: A Case Study of Alxa SEE Ecological Association

柴仲安(Chung-An Chai)

指導教授 ： 陳明祺 ； 徐斯儉

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/社會學研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2011.00382

摘要

2004年〈基金會管理條例〉頒布迄今，中國大陸的民間基金會幾年間逐漸萌芽。這些基金會許多是民營企業家成立並主導，而且幾乎都是「非公募基金會」此一類型，此一類型基金會成長相當快速。目前相關文獻對於這些變化的討論付之闕如，因此本文以阿拉善SEE生態協會，這個由中國企業家們發起的環境非政府組織作為例子，從國家社會關係視角切入，為這些年的變化提供一個解釋。
本文以為，企業家透過基金會，成為中國公民社會的新同盟。觀察SEE可以發現，SEE擁有相對於國家、企業的自主性，並追求自身的利益或價值，符合公民社會組織的特徵；其與國家互動採取「合作但是獨立」的策略，利用其企業家優勢，在阿拉善改善當地的國家社會關係，影響地方政府的行為與政策，資助、培力環保組織，拓寬環保組織與國家協商的空間以及促進公民社會的發展。
國家賦予企業家成立基金會的權利，企業家可以資助其他組織、不會跨越政治紅線等方面是國家可以預測的，但是企業家透過基金會成為公民社會的新同盟，並且拓寬了民間組織與政府協商的空間，對於國家而言卻是非意圖的。目前看來，這種發展對一個企圖維持社會和諧的威權政權來說，是一個意外的收穫。

關鍵字

中國 ； 非政府組織 ； 基金會 ； 公民社會 ； 阿拉善SEE生態協會

並列摘要

The non-governmental foundations in China has sprouted in recent years since the promulgation of ‘The Regulation on the Management of Foundations’ in 2004, and many are funded and leaded by private entrepreneurs. Those Foundations are almost ‘non-public fundraising foundation’, and the number of those foundations has been growing very fast. Since there are very few literature that discuss the meaning of those changes, this study tries to provide some insights through state-society paradigm by analyzing Alxa SEE Ecological Association (SEE), a NGO funded by Chinese entrepreneurs.

According to the findings of the study, entrepreneurs become the allies of the civil society in China through foundations. SEE is a civil society organization which has its autonomy relative to the government and enterprise, and it pursuits its own interest or value. The interaction between SEE and China is cooperative but independent, so that SEE could use the resources of entrepreneurs to improve the relationship between the communities and the local government, and to influence the action and policy in Alxa. SEE could also sponsor and empower the Environmental NGOs (ENGO), bridge the way between the government and ENGOs, and promote the development of the civil society.

Because China has given entrepreneurs the right to initiate foundations, it’s predictable that entrepreneurs will fund other NGOs and will not cross the red line. However, it’s unintended that entrepreneurs become the allies of the civil society in China through foundations, and bridge the way between the government and ENGOs. In this way, it’s a surprise to an authoritarian regime which is trying to maintain the harmony of society.

並列關鍵字

China ； NGO ； Foundation ； Civil Society ； Alxa SEE Ecological Association

參考文獻

Kim, Jae Cheol, 2005, “From the Fringe to the Center: The Political Emergence of Private Entrepreneurs in China.” Issues & Studies 41, No. 3: 113-143.

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