日治時期臺灣國有鐵路貨物運費政策之研究1896-1936

日治時期鐵路的興築使得臺灣邁向現代化。臺灣總督府藉由鐵路加強對殖民地的控制、開發地方資源、促進產業發展、配合移民計畫，推進各項政策。然而，欲了解鐵路的發展與總督府的殖民政策，除了必須對鐵路興築、改良工程、人事制度等各方面作考察之外，運費政策的制定與影響亦為不可忽視之一環。鐵路的興築會帶來社會、經濟、文化等全面性的發展自不待言，然而，值得注意的是，一旦運費制度不當，必會相當程度的降低鐵路所帶來的發展效能，使得之不易的諸項設施無法發揮完全的效果。本文探討迄1936年為止臺鐵受到戰爭影響前，貨物運費政策長期的發展與變遷，與日鐵相比較來評析其合理性，並且進一步探究其對臺灣產業的發展與臺鐵本身營運造成何種影響。

關鍵字

日治時期；鐵路；運費政策；產業；殖民

並列摘要

During the Japanese-ruled period, railroad construction enabled Taiwan to modernize herself. The General Governor of Taiwan used the railroad to control the colony, to explore regional recourses, to develop industries, and to carry out policies of different kinds on the island. In order to understand the development of the railroads and the colonial policies of the General Governor of Taiwan, it is necessary to investigate how the railroads were constructed, how the constructing engineering was improved, and how the personnel system was put into effect. It is also necessary to look into the establishment and impact of the policy of freight rates. Railroad construction naturally brought about social, economic, and cultural developments. More importantly, however, a proper system of freight rates would decide if the expected effects would result. This paper explores the policy of freight rates of the railroad in Taiwan by 1936, compares it with the Japanese system, and discusses how it affected its own operation and the development of industries in Taiwan.