學前兒童關懷行為心理歷程暨生命關懷活動方案之實驗研究

Empirical Study of Caring Behavior Process and the Effect of Caring Program for Preschool Children

鄭芬蘭(Finland Cheng)

《高雄師大學報》 16期 (2004/06) Pp. 161-179

https://doi.org/10.7060/KNUJ.200406.0161

摘要

本研究以屏東地區立案托兒所大班兒童為受試對象，旨在探究學前兒童關懷行為之心理歷程，並測試生命關懷活動方案之實驗效果。質化研究結果顯示，兒童關懷行為的歷程指標包括認知、情緒、動機與表達等層面。其次，關懷情境的認知處理是首要階段，情緒的感同身受是觸發因素，覺察困境與尊重生命能激發內在動機，表達則是關懷行為的具體表現，同時同理心對兒童關懷行為具關鍵影響。再者，生命關懷活動方案對提昇兒童關懷行為具實驗效果，因此關懷行為紮根於學前兒章是可行的措施。另外，本研究結果可作為教育當局釐定學前生命教育政策的參考。師長可協助兒童擴展其生活經驗，以增進兒童表現更彈性而多元的關懷行為。未來亦可針對兒童在關懷情境訊息的社會認知繼續探究。

關鍵字

同理心 ； 關懷行為 ； 生命關懷活動方案

並列摘要

This paper explores the mental processes that underlie caring behavior, and evaluates the .effect of caring program for preschool children, using clustered sampling from the Pingtung area. The results reveal that children express caring behavior to objects from living surroundings, and mental processes that underlie caring behavior could be measured on dimensions of cognition, emotion, motivation and expression. Qualitative analysis also indicates that, in environments, cognitive information is processed firstly, then emotional empathy is the cues detected, activates internal motivation; concrete expression is the final step of caring behavior. Consequently, empathy is the component of concerned behavior as exhibited by children. This study also adopts a pretest-posttest group mixed design, to evaluate the effectiveness of the caring program. Experimental results reveal that the program usefully contributes to children’s caring behavior. Furthermore, the results also provide some valuable references for educational policy. For parents can thus help children experience and increase multiple caring behaviors. Finally, further research is required to clarify the social cognition of children’s caring behavior.

並列關鍵字

empathy ； caring behavior ； caring program

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