本文由道德判斷能力的研究出發,分析Piaget與Kohlberg的道德發展階段理論,發現道德判斷能力的發展過程,其實正反應了人類冀望追尋普遍性倫理原則的理念。但透過倫理學史的回顧,我們卻發現:任何所謂的普遍性倫理原則,也必須依恃個別特殊經驗的累積。因此,道德與倫理的關係,係建立在二個關鍵的因素:一是普遍性原則,二是特殊性原則。從特殊走到普遍,再從普遍走回特殊,道德與倫理在普遍性與特殊性之間的無止盡的辯證過程,引伸出一般倫理與專業倫理之間的爭議。本文嘗試從應用倫理的角度,以人類主體性的呈現,在不同脈絡的情境中,擁有更多的選擇自由,而非在單一的條件、原則下,被迫接受普遍性或特殊性的原則。如此一來,道德與倫理之間的辯證關係,終於在主體性的自由中,取得了一個微妙的平衡。
This research analyzes both Piaget's and Kohlberg's theory of moral development stages from the researches of moral judgment. We find development process of moral judgment is response the fact of human search for principle of universality. Another, we find any principle of universality are depend on individual experiences from ethics history. So, the relationship of moral and ethics found two important factors: universality and individuation. But the dialectical relationship between moral judgment and ethics move around universality and individuation. And bring issue of general ethics and professional ethics. Therefore, this research tries explains freedom of subjectivity can solve the dialectical relationship between moral judgment and ethics move around universality and individuation from applied ethics.