三椏白絹病及其病原菌存活

Pathogenicity of Sclerotium roifsii on Edgeworthia papyrifera and Sclerotial Survival

張東柱(Tun-Tschu Chang)

《林業試驗所研究報告季刊》 9卷2期 (1994/06) Pp. 191-196

https://doi.org/10.7075/BTFRI.199406.0191

摘要

三椏白絹病於1991年夏季在林試所太麻里分所苗圃首次發現。罹病三椏的地際部之根及莖有腐敗現象，地上部則呈現萎凋，最後植株因萎凋而死亡。罹病植株地際部有絹絲狀白色菌絲及球形至橢圓形之白色至灰褐色茵核。病原菌經分離與鑑定後證實本病為白絹病菌(Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo)所引起。將純培養病原菌之菌核接種至三椏種苗的地際部，可產生與苗圃病株相同的病徵。發病速度與接種菌核數成正相關。本菌苗絲最適生長溫度介於25℃-35℃之間，以30℃最佳。溫度低於10℃時，本菌的生長受到抑制。本菌之菌核埋於20%和40%含水量的土瓖中，四個月內則完全不能發芽，然而埋於0%和10%含水量的土壞中， 分別在第十個月和第九個月才失去發芽能力。本病害在臺灣首次報導。

關鍵字

三椏 ； 白絹病

並列摘要

Root and crown rot of Edgeworthia papyrifera Sieb. et Zucc. caused by Sclerotium rot bit Saccardo was first found at the nursery of Tai-ma-Ii Experimental Station, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute in Taiwan in summer 1991. The diseased plants appeared root and crown rot, foliage blight, and eventually death of the plants. Abundant white, fluffy, branched mycelium that formed spherical to ellipsoid sclerotia was observed on the root and crown of the diseased plants. The disease was reproduced by inoculation of the seedlings with sclerotia of S. rolfsii. Time for causing plants dead was reversely in proportion to number of selerotia inoculated. Optimum temperature range and optimum temperature for fungal growth in vitro were 25-35℃ and 30℃, respectively. Temperature below l0℃ completely inhibited the fungal growth. Germination of selerotia was completely inhibited within 4 months after being buried in soil containing 20% and 40% water, while that was completely inhibited within 10 and 9 months after being buried in soil containing 0% and 10% water, respectively.

並列關鍵字

Edgeworthia papyrifera ； Sclerotium rolfsii