高蛋白水稻之育種研究　2．稉稻早晚熟品系間雜交後代之米粒蛋白質含量、抽穗期及其他性狀之遺傳

Breeding for High Protein Content in Rice 2. Genetical Studies on Protein Content, Heading Date and Other Agronomic Characters in the Cross between Early and Late Maturing japonica Rices

郭益全(I. C. Kuo) ； 謝順景(S. C. Hsieh)

《中華農業研究》 27卷3期 (1978/09) Pp. 199-212

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197809.0001

摘要

爲探討早熟E基因與米粒蛋白質含量之關係，乃利用攜有不同來源之早熱基因的isogenic系統爲材料，進行早晚熟稻間之雜交，以究明各雜交後代集團之米粒蛋白質含量等性狀之遺傳與變異及各性狀彼此間之相關關係等。茲將主要試驗結果摘要如下：早熟親本（BB-11-5-8-6, BI-1-4-11及BI-14-4-2-6）之米粒蛋白質含量爲9.6%，較晚熟親本(40-20-5-6)之7.8%約高1.8%。F2集團蛋白質之平均含量或與低蛋白親本相近或低於兩親之中間值，表示蛋白質含量低者對高者似爲顯性或部份顯性。早晚熟稻間雜交組合之F2世代分離成3早熟性：l晚熟性之比例，表示抽穗期受1對主效基因所控制。而由超越分離現象知抽穗期可能尚受微效基因之修飾。F2世代早熟性與蛋白質含量呈負相關，表示早熟植株之米粒蛋白質含量較晚熟者爲高。一般而言，各性狀之遺傳相關值遠較環境相關值爲大；而表現型相關值則介於兩者之間。米粒蛋白質含量與各性狀間之相關值均爲負值，與穗重之負相關則達極顯著之水準，餘者之顯著性概因組合之不同而異。估得米粒蛋白質含量之遺傳率介於0.31~0.56之間，控制米粒蛋白質含量之有效基因對數爲l~2對。綜合本試驗結果，推論控制米粒蛋白質含量之因子與早熟E基因之問有連鎖關係，故認爲由早晚熟稻問之雜交集團應可選獲高蛋白質含量之早熟豐產的理想因子型。

並列摘要

Various early maturing isogenic lines of rice having the same genetic background were crossed with the late maturing lines, and protein content, days to heading as well as various agronomic characters were studied genetically. The results of the experiment are summarized in the followings:
1. The mean percent protein of early maturing isogenic lines (BB-11-5-8-6, BI-1-4-11 and BI-14-4-2-6) was found to be 9.6% which was 1.8% point higher than that of late maturing line 40-20-5-6 (7.8%). The mean percent protein of the F2 population was either similar to that of lower-parent or lower than that of mid-parent, indicating that the low percent protein was dominant or partial dominant over the high percent protein.
2. In the F2s of early and late crosses, early and late plants were segregated into a 3:1 ratio showing that the early heading was controlled by a pair of dominant gene. It was inferred from the appearance of much earlier plants than both parental lines that the modifing genes were involved for heading time, in addition to the major gene. A significant negative correlation between percent protein and days to heading was observed, showing that the earlier the heading time the higher the percent protein.
3. The genetic correlation between various characters tended to be larger than the environmental as well as phenotypic correlations. A significant negative correlation was observed between percent protein and plant height, panicle weight or negatively with panicle number, percent seed setting and 1,000 kernel weight depending on cross combinations.
4. Heritability value of percent protein was estimated to be 0.31-0.56 showing that selection for high protein would be effective. It was estimated further that the number of effective genes for protein content was one to two pairs.
5. In view of the close relation between days to heading and percent protein, it is considered to be relatively easy to select high protein lines by developing the early maturing lines, though its problem of lower grain yield needed to be solved.