正念訓練在軍事場域的運用－美軍「以正念為基礎之心智健身訓練」實施現況探討

Mindfulness Training in Military: Discussion on ＂Mindfulness- based Mind Fitness Training＂ in US army

楊靜怡(Ching-Yi Yang)

《復興崗學報》 106期 (2015/06) Pp. 157-176

摘要

「以正念為基礎之心智健身訓練」（Mindfulness-based Mind Fitness Training，簡稱MMFT或M-Fit），是近年來美軍用以提升部隊抗壓力，與強化現行壓力預防訓練（stress inoculation training）的一種新的心理訓練方案。本文透過「以正念為基礎之心智健身訓練」（MMFT）課程內容、實施方式與現行研究趨勢的探究，揭示美軍如何在軍事場域中進行系統化的正念訓練課程，及相關研究成果。結論指出在國內軍事場域實施正念訓練（mindfulness training）有其重要性。原因有三：其一，實證研究業已證明正念訓練對官兵身心健康、情緒調節與認知表現具有顯著的助益；其二，正念訓練具備花費成本低，訓練活動簡單，一次學習終身受用等優勢，不增加部隊訓練負擔，卻能創造最大效益；其三，正念訓練有助於提升戰場抗壓心理訓練成效。因此，建議國軍未來可以參考「MMFT」發展經驗與特點，將正念訓練整合到不同服役期間所需軍事與心理訓練，並且結合理論、實務與實證研究，建構系統化的訓練課程。最後，呼籲有志之士持續投入部隊正念訓練課程開發、研究與推廣，充實軍事心理學的專業領域。

關鍵字

正念訓練 ； 軍事心理訓練 ； 壓力韌性

並列摘要

＂Mindfulness-based Mind Fitness Training＂ ( MMFT, pronounced M-Fit) is a new mental training approach for enhancing performance and building stress resilience of US troops, and to make stress inoculation training existing in troops for a long time more effective. This article explores how MMFT is carried out systematically in US army from its content of courses, the ways to practice and contemporary research on MMFT. The conclusion indicates it is necessary to introduce mindfulness training into ROC Armed Forces. There are three reasons. First of all, empirical research has proved that mindfulness training obviously benefits soldiers' body and mental health. Furthermore, it also enhances their emotional regulation and cognitive performance. Secondly, mindfulness training is a low cost and uncomplicated training, and once you learn it, you will benefit from it for life. In other words, it will not increase troop's burden of existing training; on the contrary, it can create greater efficiency. And lastly, MMFT could make stress inoculation training more effective. Depending on the development experience of MMFT, the author suggests that ROC Armed Forces could integrate mindfulness training into military and mental training during different periods of military service. Besides, the author would invite people with lofty ideals to get involved in the study of mindfulness training for active-duty troops and promote professional development of military psychology in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

mindfulness training ； military mental training ； stress resilience