Research and Development of Wood/Plastic Composite Materials (Ⅰ) Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Composites of Sander Dust, Saw Dust, Shaving Fines and Polypropylene

木材／塑膠複合材料之研究與開發(Ⅰ)砂光粉、鋸屑、鉋屑末與聚丙烯複合物之物理及機械特性

彭武財(W. T. Peng) ； 黃彥三(Yan-San Huang) ； 陳玉秀(Yuh-Shiow Chen)

《林業試驗所研究報告季刊》 9卷2期 (1994/06) Pp. 161-189

https://doi.org/10.7075/BTFRI.199406.0161

摘要

本研究之目的為探討木材廢料與塑膠研製複合材料之可行性及評估該複合材料作為工業、農業以及其他消費用材之可用性。
試驗材料包括砂光粉(SrD)、鋸屑(SwD)、鉋屑末(WF)等屬於木材工業纖維廢料、熱塑性聚丙烯及濕潤劑。纖維之含有率(F.C.)設定爲複合物總生之0、10、20、30、40、及50%，而濕潤劑之添加量為木材纖維重之3%。依上述各種設定比率將原料混合均一，在相同之條件下，置入擠押機充分結合後擠出，並切碎成顆粒狀。又試片之物理及機械特性試驗，依照ASTM嚴格進行，所得之各項試驗資料均經統計方法加以整理分析。試驗結果歸結如下：
1．各複合材料之融流指數(M.F.I.)隨 F.C.之增加呈直線地減小，但其密度(S.G.)則之增加而呈直線地增大。
2．最大伸張強度(M.T.S.)在F.C.20至50%之範圍與F.C.呈正相關關係。唯SrD複合物在F.C.40至50%之範圍呈負相關。又複合物之破壞點伸長(B.P.E.)與F.C.呈負相關。尤其在F.C.10至20%之範圍顯示最為嚴重。
3．F.C.增加時，其抗彎彈性係數(F.E.M.)則呈指數曲線地增大。但其抗彎強度 (M.F.S.)則不甚明顯且不一致。
4．增加複合物之F.C.時，刻痕向耐衝擊性(IZOD I.R. –NTD)只略為減低，而無刻痕向耐衝擊性(IZOD I.R. –UNTD)則大幅減低，同時在F.C.10至20%之範圍內，後者減低之程度更為明顯。
5．熱變形溫度(H.D.T.)隨複合物F.C.之增加而顯著地增高。F.C.高於30%時，亦即在111.7℃以上之條件下，SwD及WF之複合物之剛性均較木材為大。
6．各種複合物之吸水率(W.A.)與厚度膨脹率(T.S.)均甚小，F.C.之增加對T.S.增加之影響不明顯。其中以F.C.50% SrD複合物之W.A.與T.S.為最大，但經1344小時浸水試驗，其值亦分別小於5%與 3%。
7．WF對S.G.、B.P.E.、F.E.M.及W.A.等諸特性具有優異之貢獻，SwD對M.T.S.、M.F.S.、IZOD I.R.-NTD、IZOD I.R.-UNTD以及T.S.等諸特性亦具有優異之貢獻，唯獨SrD對全部特性之貢獻不明顯。

關鍵字

木質纖維／塑膠複合物 ； 木材鉋屑末 ； 擠押機 ； 射模機 ； 濕潤劑 ； 融流指數 ； 熱變形溫度

並列摘要

This study was purposed to investigate the feasibility of using wood wastes compounding with plastics for wood/plastic composites, and to evaluate their applicability for industrial, agricultural and other consumptive materials.
The wood fibres used as the plastic reinforcing material here were collected from the discarded wastes in wood and its relative industries, including sander dust (SrD), saw dust (SwD) and shaving fines (WF). A thermoplastic polypropylene (PP) (#6331, virgin) and a wetting agent (E-43, 3% for fiber weight) were used. The levels of fibre content (P.C.) for each case was set to 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% based on total weight.
These mixtures were then well mixed, compounded and extruded, and then, granulated to particles and inject molded to standard specimens in respective identical conditions.
The compounding of three wood fibres and PP was excellent, with an exception of the case of SrD, 50% F.C., which was found to be some dif-ficulties.
The tests of physical and mechanical properties of these specimens were carried out strictly in accordance with the ASTM methods, and determined their respective property values and trend distributions statistically. Followings are the results obtained:
1. The increasing of fibre content (F.C.) decreased the melting flow index (M.F.I.) almost linearly for each composite. Specific gravity (S.G.) however, increased linearly.
2. The maximum tensile strength (M.T.S.) influenced positively by F.C. for three composites at their 20-50% levels, the SrD composite dropped at its 40-50% Ft.. Break point elongation (B.P.E.) influenced negatively by F.C., especially showed severe on its P.C. 10-20% levels.
3. The increasing of F.C. increased the flexural elasticity modulus (F.E.M.) exponentially for all composites, it increased unclearly and inconsistantly, the maximum flexural strength (M.F.S.).
4. The increasing of F.C. decreased the impact resistance -notched (IZOD I.R. -NTD) of composites slightly. Similarly, decreased the -unnotched (IZOD I.R. -UNTD) significantly. Later showed it especially severe on their 10-20% F.C. levels.
5. The increasing of F.C. raised heat distortion temperature (H.D.T.) noticeably. The SwD and the WF composites, F.C. 30% or more, in 111.7℃ or higher conditions, showed greater stiffness than that of the solid wood.
6. Overall water absorption (W.A.) and thickness swelling (T.S.) showed extremely small. The increasing of F.C. increased W.A. and T.S. only a slight. T.S. especially showed little. The largest W.A. and T.S. were found on the SrD composite, but still less than 3% and 5% in 1344 Hrs. immersion respectively.
7. The WF contributed superiorly to S.G., B.P.E., F.E.M. and WA characteristics; the SwD also contributed superiorly to M.T.S., M.F.S., IZOD LR. -NTD, its-UNTD and T.S. characteristics; and the SrD however, had poor contribution to all.

並列關鍵字

wood/plastic composite ； wood shaving fine ； extruder ； inject molding machine ； wetting agent ； melting flow index ； heat distortion temperature