父母教養態度與小學兒童生活適應之關係

Impact of Parental Attitudes on Adjustment of Elementary School Children

簡茂發(Maw-Fa Chien)

《教育心理學報》 11期 (1978/06) Pp. 63-85

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19781201.6

摘要

本研究旨在探討小學兒童所感受的父母教養態度對其生活適應的影響，分析兩者之間的關係，以期根據父母教養態度預測兒童在個人適應興社會適應上的表現。研究對象爲台北市大安國小五年級學生217名，男女人數大約相等。研究工具包括筆者自編的父母教養方式問卷以及正式標準化的父母管教態度測驗和小學人格測驗。問卷與測驗係在平常課室情境中實施之。所得資料經統計分析後，獲得下列五項主要結果：（一）父母教養行爲的「愛護」層面比「要求」層面對兒童生活適應更共有影響力。（二）在「高關懷、高權威和「高關懷、低權威」兩類型父母教養方式下的兒童之適應較佳；而在「低關懷、高權威」和「低關懷、低權威」兩類型父母教養方式下的兒童之適應較差。（三）從父母管教態度測驗中所得的各項量化資料，可解釋兒童在個人適應和社會適應總變異量的百分之四十至六十。（四）父母教養態度對女生適應行爲的決定力量大於男生。（五）兒童的個人適應所受父母教養態度的影響大於社會適應。

並列摘要

The purpose at this study was to investigate the relationship between the perceived parental attitudes toward child-rearing practices and the personal and social adjustments of elementary school children, Two hundred and seventeen fifth graders from one elementary school in Taipei City were selected as subjects. A Parental Child-rearing Behavior Questionnaire by the writer, the Chinese Revision of the California Test of Personality, and the Test of Parental Attitudes toward Child tearing Practices by P. C. Lai were administered to the subjects in regular class settings. The data obtained were statistically treated by analysis of variance, Scheffé method of multiple comparisons, and multiple linear regression technique.
The main findings of the study were as follows:
I. The loving dimension of parental child-rearing behavior had more impact than its demanding dimension on the personal and social adjustments of elementary school children.
2. Children of warm-restrictive and warm-permissive parents were better than children of hostile-authoritarian and hostile neglectful parents in their personal and social adjustments.
3. All measures of parental attitudes together significantly accounted for 40% to 60% of the variances in the personal and social adjustments of elementary school children.
4. Girls were more readily influenced by parental attitudes than boys in their personal and social adjustments.
5. Parental attitudes seemed to have greater effect on children's personal adjustment than on their social adjustment.