（後）社會主義國家經改策略的政治選擇－以匈牙利、中國大陸、波蘭為例

(Post) Socialism Country's Political Choice of the Economic Reform: Hungary, PRC and Poland

楊穎超(Ying-Chao Yang)

《國家發展研究》 3卷1期 (2003/12) Pp. 73-98

摘要

本文主要想回答一個問題：對於正在脫離社會主義經濟體制的轉型國家而言，究竟會選擇什麼樣的策略來進行經濟改革？為什麼？
過去一般以正當性變項來對此進行解釋。筆者除反駁此項論述外，並提出一個假設命題：經政初始階段，執政者與舊政權的政經網絡關係決定經改策略的選擇，如果執政者繼承前政權的政經網絡，將偏向採取漸進改革，而如果執政者的政經網絡與舊政權越不同，則越有可能採取震盪療法。並以匈牙利、中國大陸與波蘭為例來驗證此假說。

關鍵字

經濟改革 ； 正當性 ； 震盪療法 ； 漸進療法 ； 關係

並列摘要

The article is mainly to answer a question: To those (Post) Socialism Countries, which Transition from Socialism, What kind of strategy they will choose to push economic reform? Why? In the past, most scholars thought communism government didn't dare to take actions of the shock therapy and privatize because communism government wanted to maintain the legitimacy of ideology. While a new authority that has the legitimacy of democracy would take steps of the shock therapy.
This paper doesn't agree with this discourse, and adduces a hypothetic: In the beginning of the economic reform, the strategy of economic reform opportunity decides on new authorities and the past governor's relationship. If the new authorities follow former relationship, they will take actions of the gradualism. On the contrary, the more different relationship of the new authorities has, the more chances they will take actions of the shock therapy. Then the author will take Hungary, PRC and Poland for example to prove this hypothetic.
In order to answer above questions, this paper will divide the article into six parts: the first part is preface to declare the author's question and viewpoint; the second part is to discuss the shock therapy and gradualism, then review correlative articles to lead the writer's hypothetic; the third part will take Hungary for instance to controvert the legitimacy discourse and review the author's hypothetic; the fourth and the fifth part will take PRC and Poland for instance to review the author's hypothetic; the sixth part is the conclusion.

並列關鍵字

economic reform ； relationship ； shock therapy ； radualism ； legitimacy

參考文獻

弗雷德里克C.、泰韋斯著、王紅緒譯(1990)。從毛澤東到鄧小平。北京:中共中央黨校出版社。

吳玉山()。

吳玉山(1996)。遠離社會主義：中國大陸、蘇聯和波蘭的經濟轉型。台北:正中。

吳玉山(1995)。共產世界的變遷。台北:三民。

吳敬璉著(1996)。漸進與激進－中國改革道路的選擇。北京:經濟科學出版社。