在台灣,做為民主鞏固諸多解釋變數之一的文武關係,在最近數年中,出現了許多足以影響台灣民主前景的重要發展。有人以為台灣的軍隊完成了「軍隊國家化」,接受「文人領軍」,是「台灣民主化的鞏固」;但也有人認為「軍隊國家化」反可能使國家利益與安全成為軍人責任,取而代之文人政府。為了要釐清前述問題,並尋求可能的答案,本文首先從文武關係的基本理論中,勾勒軍隊與文人政府間互動的脈絡;其次設法整合軍文關係與民主鞏固間可能關係的相關論述;再次則評估以台灣的文武關係為觀察對象、為數有限的相關文獻;最後嘗試搭建一個涵蓋面向相對周遍,可供操作化進行實證研究的概念架構,以及執行策略。
In recent years Taiwan has witnessed changing relations emerged between the civil and the military sectors. Some consider the completion of nationalization of armed forces and civilian control indicators conducive to democratic consolidation. Others reject the proposition by citing the cases in which nationalization of armed forces contributes to military control of government. In an attempt to solve the puzzle, this paper tries to catch the whole picture of civil military interactions through figuring out story lines of major competing theories. This paper then moves toward working on the integration of main arguments of civil-military relations and democratic consolidation literatures. Following an effort to illuminate the precise role of Taiwan's military reflected by relatively few published books and articles, the author comes up with an analytical framework for indigenous civil-military relations research. Hopefully it will facilitate the implementation of both case and comparative studies.