環境管制：經濟誘因工具的選擇與評估

An Evaluation of Economic Instruments for Environmental Regulation

張其祿(Chyi-Lu Jang)

《中國行政評論》 11卷3期 (2002/06) Pp. 45-62

https://doi.org/10.6635/cpar.2002.11(3).02

摘要

污染稅、污染防治補貼與可交易污染排放權等各種以經濟誘因為基礎的污染防治策略業已成為世界各國主要的環境管制工具之一。本文研究目的即在於了解這類經濟誘因工具的實際效能與可行性。根據理論與實務兩個層面的檢視與評估，本文發現經濟誘因工具並不一定完全優於命令與控制式的污染防治措施，並且還有可能面臨政策推動時的巨大阻力。本文因此結論認為應以權變的觀點來選擇環境管制工具。

關鍵字

管制 ； 環境保護 ； 經濟誘因 ； 命令與控制

並列摘要

Economic incentive instruments such as pollution taxes, subsidies, and tradable emission rights are the major pollution prevention measures that have often been adopted by governments. The study provides an evaluation of the effectiveness of various economic instruments and contradicts the view that economic incentives are clearly preferable to conventional command-and-control measures. It is argued that both design deficiencies and pervasive constraints on monitoring and enforcement impede the effectiveness of economic instruments. The latter are difficult to rectify, at least in the medium term. This study concludes by proposing a contingent perspective on choosing the measures for environmental regulation.

並列關鍵字

Regulation ； Environmental Protection ； Economic Incentives ； Command and Control