我國國人工作生活品質經驗之研究

Quality of Worklife in Taiwan: An Exploratory Study

陳家聲(Chia-Shen Chen) ； 樊景立(Jiing-Lih Farh)

《管理評論》 19卷1期 (2000/01) Pp. 31-79

https://doi.org/10.6656/MR.2000.19.1.CHI.31

摘要

台灣經濟的成長提升了我國國人的物質生活品質，使得許多人已脫離為「生活而工作」的狀態，而將工作視為是生活中的一部分。本研究之主要目的在探討我國國人對工作生活品質（quality of worklife，簡稱QWL）的認知，它包含有那些構面？以及各個構面之重要性是否隨工作職務的不同而有差異？本研究透過現象學的方法直接從員工的主觀經驗來建構工作生活品質的內涵，研究發現QWL是一個相當複雜的概念，包含了13個構面，其分別是：(1)工作環境，(2)薪資與獎金，(3)福利，(4)升遷，(5)訓練與發展，(6)工作性質，(7)上司的領導方式，(8)同仁合作，(9)企業形象，(10)溝通，(11)組織制度，(12)組織氣候與文化，(13)工時和工作量。研究中也發現各類工作人員最重視的QWL因素為「薪資與獎金」與「工作性質」；而在比較不重視的QWL因素上，不同工作職位者間的看法則存在差異。亦即，工作生活品質因素與工作職位間存在著關連。此外，本研究也進一步探索國人對QWL的觀念和兩個被廣泛使用的西方工作滿足量表(MSQ、JDI)的內容，發現MSQ和JDI與國人對工作生活品質的觀念間存在著明顯的差異，本研究也試著探討這兩個觀念在管理研究上的意義。本研究結果對QWL概念提供了具體的內容，也提供未來有興趣研究QWL的學者及管理實務工作者操作界定QWL的方式，以及規劃設計推動QWL行動方案的參考。

關鍵字

工作生活品質 ； 工作滿足 ； 組織氣候 ； 工作性質

並列摘要

Due to the fast economic growth of Taiwan in the past several decades, most people began to consider their work experiences as part of the quality of life in general. The purpose of the present study was to explore the concept of quality of worklife (QWL) among Taiwanese workers and whether the perceived importance of QWL dimensions was varied for different jobs. The study adopted an inductive approach to identify the major dimensions of QWL. Two hundred and ninety workers from eight companies in the Hsin Chu Science Park were sampled. The research found that the concept of QWL was very complex and which contained 13 dimensions. They are physical working environment, financial rewards, benefits, promotion, training and development, job characteristics, supervision, relation with peers, company image, communication, policies and procedures, organizational climate, and work load. The concept about QWL was related to the jobs. Financial rewards and job characteristics were perceived to be the most important dimensions of QWL for all types of workers; but the importance of other dimensions varied depending on workers’ positions. Comparing the dimensions of QWL in our sample with those of Western measures, there were significant differences. Results of this study were discussed in terms of its implications for practice and future research.

並列關鍵字

QWL quality of worklife ； job satisfaction ； organization climate ； job characteristics

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