臺南市歸仁區的聚落變遷與發展（1895-2016）

1970年代臺灣邁入工業化，工業區多分布在城鄉邊緣區，造成城鄉邊緣區變化。本文以城鄉邊緣區的臺南市歸仁區作為研究區，歸仁區為臺南都會區衛星市鎮，其發展是否與臺南市擴張有關？歸仁區為平原，南側沙崙臺地地勢最高，許縣溪與二仁溪分向外圍流經歸仁區東側與南側。本文將歸仁區分成北保西區、中歸仁區、南大崙區，歸仁區內區域發展長期在中歸仁區，南大崙區發展緩慢，為何會呈現如此情形？本文從土地利用與聚落發展角度探討歸仁區從日治與戰後至今的發展。研究結果如下：日治時期聚落發展與土地利用，與自然環境和通往府城交通有關。北保西區與中歸仁區有許縣圳灌溉，水田為主。北保西區聚落往永康大灣、仁德太子廟與中歸仁區要道發展。中歸仁區是地方行政中心，聚落沿府城往內山地區幹道向西發展。南大崙區地勢高無法汲取二仁溪且土質粗，旱田為主，為車路墘製糖所原料區。南大崙區到府城的要道須經過中歸仁區或仁德中洲，聚落亦分布於要道上，聚落少且規模小。戰後北保西區被劃為特定農業區，又歸仁軍機場位於此，故維持農村景觀。中歸仁區於1974年規畫都市計畫，以住宅、工商用地為主。南大崙區為仁德糖廠農場，1990年代後高鐵臺南站等公共建設進駐，顯示政府施為對歸仁區發展的重要性。臺南市區擴張亦影響歸仁區發展，1970年代後，歸仁區因位於臺南市區與內山地區交通要道上，建成區沿北保西區的保大路與中歸仁區的中山路向西往臺南市區發展。

關鍵字

臺南都會區；保西區；歸仁區；大潭沙崙區

並列摘要

Industrialization accompanied urbanization in 1970s, leading to landscape change in rural-urban fringe. In this study, we discuss about rainfall in Gueiren District, one of the satellite towns of Tainan City and a rural-urban fringe of Tainan City. The purpose of this study is mainly to discuss the development and settlement factors and land use in Gueiren District from Japanese colonial period to the present day and the change of lifestyle of residents due to the influence of urban expansion in Gueiren District after World War II. We understand that huge difference exists in different regions of Gueiren District due to the distance between Gueiren District and central Tainan as well as due to the difference in natural environment. Farmlands in the northern and central parts of Gueiren District are mainly occupied with paddy fields watered by Yanshuei River. The southern part of Gueiren District is limited by depth and is a main upland field where only ground water supply is available. Moreover, the southern region of Gueiren far from Japanese colonial era is primarily a sugar cane field of Rende sugar refinery of Taiwan Sugar Corporation. After World War II, the northern and southern parts of Gueiren District have not yet well developed and are still a rural landscape. Conversely, because of industrialization and the city planning of Gueiren in 1960s, the central part of Gueiren has become an area of industrialized and residential land that is still expanding along Zhongshan road. Until the past two decades, Taiwan High Speed Rail Tainan Station and other public constructions were set up in the southern part of Gueiren District due to the transformation of Taiwan Sugar Corporation. In conclusion, the development of Gueiren is influenced by urban expansion and urban planning.