讀史的主要目的,在於能「以人為鑑」、「以史為鑑」,亦即要由歷史的陳跡中吸取智慧,以成為個人積極發展生命價值的指南,因此以足智多謀著稱,功冠「漢初三傑」,不但深受劉邦信服與禮遇,而且獲得善終的張良,自然擁有更多値得後人效法之特質。然而其値得後世取法之處,並非僅止於其謀略運用精當,而更在於其人格高潔、氣象遠大,因此張良前後雖然有看似從「志在復韓」到「一心為漢」的轉變,然而其為漢又本出於為韓,其間並無矛盾衝突,而且始終以忠貞愛國之人格特質貫串其間,以成就其個人之獨特風格。本文主要根據《史記》之傳記資料,先歸納張良為人處世之生活智慧,然後更從其謀略之運用,以顯現其智慧之運用。文末,则提出張良以儒家之「禮」為做人之根本,而以道家之「術」成其用世的靈活原则,而終能達到「知足不辱,知止不殆」的境地。
This paper intends to discuss Chang Liang's wisdom of life by investigating his philosophy of assoiciating with people and the world & his use of strategies in the handling national policy. This paper is divided in five sections: 1.Prologue. 2.Method. 3. To discuss the characteristics of Chang Liang's personal disposition: be respectful of elder and virtuous, moral and justice, dim to title and wealth, smart and considerate. 4.To discuss the use of strategies when he is a military counsellor: (1)military strategy and tactics--to run the military strange and changeful(2)politics strategy--to run the nation rightly and correctly 5.Conclusion:He who is contented will not suffer disgrace. He who knows his limitations will not incur danger and can endure forever.