從環境正義觀點探討曾文水庫越域引水工程計畫

Exploring the Tseng-Wen Reservoir Trans-basin Water Diversion Project from the Perspective of Environmental Justice

范玫芳(Mei-Fang Fan)

《台灣政治學刊》 16卷2期 (2012/11) Pp. 117-173

https://doi.org/10.6683/TPSR.201211.16(2).117-173

摘要

本研究從環境正義觀點檢視曾文水庫越域引水工程計畫，探究水資源利益與環境風險分配的不公平、缺乏差異肯認與居民被排除在決策程序之間的交織影響。個案呈現不同專業社群之間多元的知識宣稱、在地知識與專家知識之間的衝突。官方將越域引水工程框架為南部區域供水與經濟發展議題，地方團體則質疑工程所牽涉龐大的土石利益、專家在水資源開發思維之侷限性，以及地方原住民不成比例地承擔環境風險。引水工程同時凸顯缺乏對「人」與「地方」適切肯認的問題。原住民部落所具特殊象徵意義與無形的文化資產被排除在環評報告之外，且決策過程欠缺充分告知同意和實質參與。越域引水工程具有高度爭議性與不確定性，對生態所造成的影響具有難以預測性與不可回復性，無法僅仰賴專家與技術官僚，必須肯認文化與地方差異並納入常民知識於知識生產與決策過程。本文主張水資源政策規劃應即早擴大社會參與並納入公眾審議的精神，透過跨文化與跨學科領域間持續的對話尋求共識，以及公民社會行動聯盟帶來轉變。

關鍵字

環境正義 ； 越域引水 ； 水資源開發 ； 環境風險 ； 公民參與

並列摘要

This paper aims to examine the Tseng-Wen Reservoir Trans-basin Water Diversion Project from the perspective of environmental justice, and to explore the disputes on the distribution of interests and environmental risks of the project, and the policy implications of local action. It reveals the multiple perspectives of stakeholders on the project, the various knowledge claims among experts of different disciplines, and conflicts between local knowledge and the experts. The authorities have framed the project as either a water supply effectiveness issue or an economic development issue. However, environmental groups fear that the project involves extensive self-interest and bribery, consider the experts' thinking on water resource development to be limited, and are of the opinion that local aboriginal tribes suffer disproportionate environmental risks. It highlights the problem of a lack of recognition of people and place. The tribes' unique cultural meanings, invisible cultural assets, and their integrated relationship with nature are excluded from the EIA report, which lacks fully informed consent or substantial participation from local residents in the decision-making process. The project involves scientific controversy as well as unpredictable and irreversible impacts on the environment which cannot rely upon experts and technocracy only. It needs to recognize local particularities, and lay knowledge needs to be included in knowledge production and policy-making. This paper argues for the need for early involvement and public deliberation on water resource planning, for consensus seeking through continuous intercultural and interdisciplinary dialogue, and for alliance building to bring transformation.

並列關鍵字

environmental justice ； water resource development ； trans-basin water diversion ； environmental risks ； public participation

參考文獻

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