護理之家老人身體功能、社會活動與孤寂感之相關因素研究

An Investigation of the Relationships between Physical Function, Social Activity and Loneliness of the Elderly Living in the Nursing Homes

蔡英儀(Ying-Yi Tasi) ； 許雅娟(Ya-Chuan Hsu) ； 楊燦(Tsan Yang)

《長期照護雜誌》 17卷3期 (2013/12) Pp. 267-282

https://doi.org/10.6317/LTC.201312_17(3).0007

摘要

本研究目的在探討護理之家老人身體功能、社會活動與孤寂感之相關因素，於2012年4月至5月期間，選取高屏地區12家護理之家，取得109名老人進行一對一問卷調查。收集基本資料、日常生活活動能力（activities of daily living，ADLs）、支持性社會活動評量表（Socially Supportive Activity Inventory，SSAI）、孤寂感量表第三版（The UCLA Loneliness Scale，Version 3）。結果發現：護理之家老人日常生活活動能力平均得分為43.53±29.97，屬顯著依賴，而孤寂感量表平均得分為43.41±13.68，屬中度孤寂，且與教育程度、自願入住狀況、住進機構時間及日常生活活動分數在孤寂感分數達統計上顯著性差異。「與熟人聊天」、「宗教性活動」二大類型的社會活動，老人參與的頻率、對活動參加之意義性與享樂性三大構面，與孤寂感呈現顯著負相關。研究結果建議護理之家設計老人活動時，可多安排「與熟人聊天」和「宗教性活動」老人參與頻率、意義性、享樂性較高之靜態活動，且所花費的人力及物力等資源相較其他動態活動較低，以利降低機構老人孤寂感。

關鍵字

護理之家 ； 身體功能 ； 社會支持 ； 孤寂感

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical function, social activities and loneliness among seniors in nursing homes. One-on-one interviews were conducted with 109 seniors from the Kaohsiung and Pingtung areas who were recruited from 12 nursing homes between April and May of 2012. The seniors' background information and functioning in activities of daily living (ADLs) were collected. Other study instruments included the Socially Supportive Activity Inventory (SSAI) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale (version 3). The results showed that the mean score for ADLs among the study participants was 43.53±29.97, indicating that they were a group of highly dependent elders. The UCLA Loneliness Scale mean score was 43.41±13.68, implying medium loneliness, and was significantly different from scores for educational qualifications, willingness to stay, duration of stay, and ADLs. Data showed ”conversations with acquaintances” and ”religious activities”, using frequency of participation and perceptions of meaningfulness and enjoyment, significantly correlated to lower loneliness. The findings suggest that types of ”conversations with acquaintances” and ”religious activities” which are considered static, low-cost activities as well as participation more frequent, meaning, and enjoyable by the seniors can be arranged, thereby reducing loneliness among seniors in nursing homes.

並列關鍵字

nursing home ； physical function ； social activity ； loneliness