以生態系統理論分析臺灣競技運動情境中的父母涉入

Analysis of Parental Involvement in Competitive Sport Settings in Taiwan Based on Ecological Systems Theory

王亭文(Ting-Wen Wang) ； 劉佳哲(Chia-Che Liu)

《大專體育學刊》 22卷2期 (2020/06) Pp. 128-142

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.202006_22(2).0003

摘要

本研究目的為透過生態系統理論探究臺灣競技運動情境中的父母涉入概念。以質性取向為主，採立意取樣選擇研究參與者，分別有5位運動教練（教學平均年資為9.8年）；5位家長；11位少年運動員（訓練平均年資為4.6年）參與本研究。研究者完成訪談並整理後，以紮根理論為基礎進行資料分析。研究結果發現，影響孩童競技運動發展包含四層生態系統：一、鉅觀系統，包含父母個人背景以及臺灣運動文化與社會因素，如：社經地位、運動背景。二、外部系統，係指父母涉入的原因，如：追求社會地位與認同。三、中間系統，係指父母的四種涉入行為，包含「額外指導與訓練」、「負向管教行為」、「場邊行為」及「社會支持」。四、微觀系統（micro-system），係指對孩童運動員的認知、情意與行為上的影響。根據研究結果提出以下結論：一、運動員父母應提供孩子所需的支持即可，可降低運動場邊的控制或限制行為。二、運動教育相關人員可依據本研究結果，作為運動教育策略制定上的基礎，建立父母與孩童溝通的正向管道，創造出適合孩童競技運動發展的最佳情境。

關鍵字

少年運動員 ； 紮根理論 ； 運動教育

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to analyze the parental involvement in competitive sport settings in Taiwan based on ecological systems theory. We used a qualitative method that sampled 5 coaches (average teaching time of 9.8 years), 5 parents, and 11 junior athletes (average training of 4.6 years) who participated in this study. After collection of interview data, we adopted grounded theory to analyze the data. Results found that the influence of the development of children involved in competitive sport comprised a four-tier ecosystem. Tiers included (1) macro-system: including parents' background, Taiwan's sport culture, and social factors such as socioeconomic status and sport background; (2) exo-system: motivations for parental involvement such as the pursuit of social status and identity; (3) meso-system: four types of parental involvement behaviors including ＂outside instruction and training,＂ ＂negative parenting behavior,＂ ＂venues' rim behavior,＂ and ＂social support;＂ (4) micro-system: the cognitive, affective, and behavioral effects on child athletes. Based on the results, we conclude that: (1) parents should provide the support that youth athletes need but reduce their controlling or restrictive behaviors at the side of the sporting field, and (2) sport educators may use our results to formulate sport education strategies, develop a positive channel of communication between parents and children, and create appropriate competitive sport settings for the development of youth.

並列關鍵字

youth athlete ； grounded theory ； sport education

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