本研究針對學齡前新移民配偶子女的口語發展進行評估,以說話清晰度和產生量作為指標。研究對象是33名母親為越南籍幼兒(以下簡稱越南幼兒)與33名本土幼兒,以其年齡分成四歲、五歲和六歲組,每組各11名,本土幼兒的選取盡可能與越南幼兒的年齡、現居地域、父母教育程度與職業採配對方式。說話語料是五十個雙音節詞和兩段語句,雙音節詞操弄有詞首「送氣與否」、「塞擦音與擦音」、「塞音與鼻音」、「不同鼻音」、「不同塞音」、「高低元音」及「前後元音」等不同語音對比。清晰度評量採用項目辨識法和直接估計法,進行評量者為240名無聽說障礙的大學生。產生量的偵測方式是計算幼兒看圖書說故事的平均句長,分別以音節和詞彙為單位。結果發現四歲和五歲的本土幼兒在說話清晰度和平均句長皆顯著優於同年齡越南幼兒,六歲組則沒有差異。語音分析顯示,四歲本土幼兒在「送氣與否」、「塞擦與擦音」及「不同鼻音」的清晰度顯著優於越南幼兒;五歲組在「送氣與否」和「塞擦與擦音」的清晰度顯著優於越南幼兒,六歲兩組幼兒在各項語音對比的清晰度表現並無差異。這樣的結果似乎顯示新移民配偶子女的口語發展會隨著年齡增長而逐漸縮小與本土幼兒之間的差距。
The purpose of this study was to investigate language development differences between children of foreign spouses specifically Vietnamese mothers and children of native Chinese-speaking parents. Item identification, direct magnitude estimation and mean length of utterance (MLU) were used to investigate the differences in speech intelligibility and productivity among preschool children. 66 participants were selected from kindergartens within Taichung and Chunghua Counties. These children were divided into 3 groups of four-year-olds, five-year-olds and six-year-olds. Fifty bisyllabic phonetic-contrast words and two sentences were used to examine the children's performance on the intelligibility task. There were seven different phonetic-contrast types in the word list, including ”aspiration-unaspiration”, ”high vowel-low vowel”, ”front vowel-back vowel”, ”affricate-fricative”, ”stop-nasal”, ”different nasals”, and ”different stops”. MLU was calculated from productions elicited using a story-retell task approach. Results indicated significantly greater speech intelligibility and longer MLU for native-speaking 4 and 5-year-olds as compared to their counterparts. No significant differences were noted across the 6-year-old groups. Speech intelligibility analysis of different phonetic-contrast types showed that 4-year-old native-speaking children were much better than children with Vietnamese mothers in ”aspiration-unaspiration”, ”affricate-fricative”, and ”different nasals”; 5-year-olds were better in ”aspiration-unaspiration” and ”affricate-fricative”. There were no obvious differences across the seven phonetic-contrast types in 6-year-olds children.