中國城市區域不均等發展模式的機制探討：廈門市的發展個案

Probing into the Mechanisms of Uneven Development Patten in City-Regions China: Xiam-men's Case

洪啟東(Chi-Tung Hung)

《建築與規劃學報》 4卷2期 (2003/12) Pp. 90-118

https://doi.org/10.30054/JAP.200312.0001

摘要

本文主要係以廈門市的空間發展與個案觀察，探討九零年代的中國大陸區域與城鎮空間發展現象及其背後機制的釐清。首先，回顧過去文獻論述，企圖分析大環境下，中國區域空間不均等發展現象及其模式間的殊異性；其次，在研究方法上，一方面以波斯頓矩陣法（Boston Consulting Group, BCG）和簡易的地理資訊系統（Geography Information System, GIS）圖示，解析中國區域間內部，以及其主要城鎮和四大直轄市，於經濟改革開放後的八零年代，在吸引外來資本、國內生產總額、第三級產業…等相關經濟發展指標的歷年趨勢變化；第三，藉由東南沿海經濟特區廈門市個案訪談調查結果，論證本無區位競爭優勢的地方政府，卻由於大環境的傾斜發展政策，憑藉決策者與村民與在地政府的領域治理，而在空間規劃與產業經濟上有了耀眼的發展現象。換言之，當代中國城鎮區域發展（傾斜）之主因，應是前述三者的積極資本化與地方彈性產業空間調節政策；特別是底層地方政府的領域治理行為。研究的貢獻在於方法上聯繫了BCG與GIS，以及前述實徵研究的成果表述，相信裨益於日後華人城鎮與區域空間研究之學術積累。

關鍵字

城市區域 ； 地方政府 ； 城鎮治理 ； 不均等發展 ； 廈門

並列摘要

The development of the space of places in Mainland China, where is astonishing because of the varieties in its spatial multi-development patterns on the one hand, and the uneven development phenomenona of its city-regions on the other hand. Likewise, the essay firstly analyzes and examines the spatial development mechanisms of city-regions in Southeast Coastal China since the economic reformation after the 1980s. Secondly, the paper continues to review past literature to sort out and analyze the research orientation concerning the problem-solving of uneven spatial development. Thirdly, we attempt to employ Boston Consulting Group (BCG) and Geography Information System (GIS) as a research method to explain some spatial change factors in town-governance where is related with the social-economic transfer process before the millennium (1995-1999); i.e., to represent the distinctions between seven major regions (included its inter/intra major city), and four major municipality, above those concerning the issues of their attraction of foreign direct investment, GDP, tertiary industry, etc. Lastly, with in-depth interview field survey (this method differentiates from the quantitative models of other research employed) from Xia-men, which is a special economic district located in the southeast coastal area, whose recent changes will be discussed further as a case study in this paper. Concerning the purpose and contribution of the study, the author attempts to testify that the major (uneven spatial development) mechanisms for the contemporary city-regions in China lies in the “decision-maker/ grassroots/ local state”, which has immeasurable activeness and strenuousness on their energetic and special local management models.

並列關鍵字

city-regions ； local state ； town governance ； uneven development ； Xia-men

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