析論紀昀對王士禛之詩學與結納標榜的批評

Analysis of Ji Yun's Criticism on Wang Shizhen's Poetics and Congregation for Display

陳美朱(Mei-Chu Chen)

《東華人文學報》 8期 (2006/01) Pp. 123-147

https://doi.org/10.6420/DHJHS.200601.0123

摘要

筆者在研閱《四庫全書總目》時，留意到紀昀不時引用王士禛的著作內容，作為論斷的依據；在論述明末清初詩家作品時，也經常述及詩家與王士禛的關係，或是引述王士禛對詩家的評論，甚至將王士禛與蘇軾、虞集、高啓諸家相提並論，其對王士慎的重視與推崇，據此可見。然而，在上述正面評價之外，紀昀對於神韻詩論的流弊，也屢言不諱；而王士禛的露才揚己、好結納標榜，更甚為紀昀所不滿，多有詆斥。究竟紀昀對王士禛的整體評價如何？其批評王士禛又寓有哪些用意？
為探究以上問題，本文擬先論述紀昀對王士禛詩學的評價，進而探討紀昀徵引趙執信之論以批評王士禛的用意。其次，透過紀昀對王士禛好結納標榜的批評，從而可見紀昀對導正清初詩壇聲氣標榜之習的用心。本文的討論，除有助於掌握王士禛在清初詩壇的地位與影響力之外，對於清初詩壇的結納標榜與門戶之習，當亦能有具體的認識與理解。

關鍵字

王士禛 ； 四庫全書總目 ； 紀昀 ； 趙執信 ； 聲氣標榜

並列摘要

When I studied 《Siku Quanshu Zongmu》(四庫全書總目), I noticed Ji Yun (紀昀) frequently quoting from the works of Wang Shizhen (王士禛) and regarding them as a criterion. Commenting on early Qing Dynasty poets, he mentioned a lot of the background of the social intercourse of Wang Shizhen. In addition, Ji Yun expressed high encomiums on Wang Shizhen in that he even ranked equally Wang, Shu Shih (蘇軾) (the Song Dynasty), Yu Ji (虞集) (the Yuan Dynasty), and Kao Chi (高啓) (the Ming Dynasty). However, aside from this positive evaluation, Ji Yun would not agree with the same comment upon Wang Shizhen's predilection associating so as to boost his reputation. What were the considerations that made Ji Yun give approvals and disapprovals of the works and comments about Wang Shizhen? By this discussion, the present article will help raise the awareness of the influence of Wang Shizhen in the poetic field, and also to obtain a more specific understanding of the transformation of the poetic style and the custom of public display of praises, sided with by oppositional poets.

並列關鍵字

Wang Shizhen ； Siku Quanshu Zongmu ； Ji Yun ； Zhao Zhixin 趙執信 ； public display of praises sided with by oppositional poets

參考文獻

王士禛(1992)。王士禛年譜。北京:中華書局。

王士禛、郭紹虞主編(1979)。清詩話。台北:西南書局。

西南書局(1985)。柳南續筆。北京:中華書局。

朱庭珍、郭紹虞主編(1985)。清詩話續編。台北:藝文印書館。

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