死亡教育課程對高中生死亡態度、憂鬱感及自我傷害行為影響效果之研究

The Effects of the Death Education on High School Students' Attitudes toward Death Depression and Self-destructive Behaviors

葉寶玲(Pao-Ling Yeh)

《諮商輔導學報：高師輔導所刊》 13期 (2005/12) Pp. 83-119

https://doi.org/10.6308/JCG.13.04

摘要

本研究主要在設計一套適合高中生的死亡教育課程，並探討此課程對學生死亡態度、憂鬱感及自我傷害行為之影響。本研究採準實驗研究法，受試者來自南投高中一年級94名學生。一班為實驗組（46人），而另一班為控制組（48人）。前測對所有受試者進行「高中系列學業性向測驗」與「賴氏人格測驗」之評量，以了解兩組學生在實驗處理前之差異。然後實驗組學生由研究者進行九節課（每節五十分鐘）的死亡教育課程。實驗研究期間，控制組學生不接受任何處理。後測及追蹤測驗以「死亡態度量表」、「鄭氏憂鬱量表」及「自我傷害行為篩選量表」評量。研究所得資料，以獨立樣本t考驗、單因子多變項共變數分析進行分析。
研究結果顯示，從實驗組學生回饋資料發現，皆從死亡教育課程得到有利的影響，支持本研究設計之死亡教育課程適合高中生所採用。其次，統計方面發現，死亡教育對學生死亡態度、憂鬱感以及自我傷害行為並無立即性的影響。然而，八週後的追蹤測驗則發現，兩組學生在趨近導向的死亡接受、憂鬱感有顯著差異。此結果暗示死亡教育課程對學生具有持續性影響，可以成功增進學生趨近導向的死亡接受與減少憂鬱感。根據上述研究之發現，研究者提出具體建議作為未來研究者與死亡教育者之參考。

關鍵字

死亡教育課程 ； 死亡態度 ； 自我傷害行為 ； 憂鬱感

並列摘要

The purposes of this research were to design a death education program for high school students and to explore chang in attitudes toward death, depression and self-destructive behaviors resulting from a death education program. A quasi-experimental design was adopted. The subjects were ninety-four high school juniors drawn from Nanton Senior High School. One of the classes which composed the population constituted experimental group (N=46), and the other constituted the control group (N=48).
The High School Scholastic Aptitude Test and the Laish Personality Test were administered to all subjects before the experiment in order to determine if there was any significant difference between the groups. Then the students of experimental group participated in a fifth-minute nine-session death education program conducted by the researcher; and the control group did not receive any treatment during the study period. The instruments administered during pretest and follow-up were the Death Attitude Scale, the Zung Depression Scale and the Self-destructive Behaviors Screening Scale. The t-test and one-way multi-analysis of covariance were used where appropriate.
The respondents from students of the experimental group indicated that they experienced a beneficial effect from participating in the course. Statistical analysis showed that the death education course had no immediate effects on the attitudes toward death, depression, and self-destructive behaviors of the students. However, a eight-week follow-up indicated that siginificant group differences were found for scored on approach-oriented death acceptance and depression, but not for self-destructive behaviors. The data suggested that the evaluated in follow-up study was successful in improving attitude toward death acceptance and decreasing the respondents' depression. Based on the above mentioned information, the recommendations of this study provide a reference for future researchers and death educators.

並列關鍵字

death education program ； attitude toward death ； self-destructive behaviors ； depression

參考文獻

巫珍宜(1991)。青少年死亡態度之研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導研究所。

宋淑鈴(2004)。生命教育融入高職護理課程教學成效之研究。南華大學生死學研究所。

幸曼玲、蔣建文、林美珍、程小危、林惠穎、陳李稠、吳敏而、柯華葳、陳淑美(1991)。發展心理學。台北:心理。

胡海國編譯(1985)。發展心理學。台北:桂冠。

俞筱鈞、黃志成(1984)。曾氏心理健康量表指導手冊。台北:中國行?科學社。