祖籍的空間分布特性與歷史地理區域形塑之關聯性探討－以楊梅及新屋地區為例

The Relation between Distributional Characteristics of Ancestral Homes and the Formation of Geo-historical Areas: A Case Study of Yangmei and Xinwu

張智欽(Chih-Chin Chang) ； 韋煙灶(Yen-Tsao Wei) ； 林雅婷(Ya-Ting Lin)

《人文及管理學報》 6期 (2009/11) Pp. 95-132

https://doi.org/10.6177/lam.2009.06.14

摘要

在臺灣開發史上，桃園縣楊梅鎮與新屋鄉（簡稱梅新地區）約略分屬於三個墾庄： 萃豐庄、大溪墘庄與諸協和墾庄。本研究發現這三個墾庄的創立與發展過程，展現出與世居宗族祖籍地、方言（或次方言）群的地域性結構緊密呼應的態勢。祖籍廣東省惠州府海、陸豐籍的移民主要分布在土牛溝以西之地，但又以社子溪為界劃分成兩個方言群，溪北的大溪墘庄定居的墾民主要為具備閩、客雙語溝通能力的半褔佬客群；溪南的萃豐庄以說海、陸腔客語的墾民為優佔；土牛溝以東的諸協和墾庄則以說四縣腔客語的移民為多。這三個墾庄不僅僅是墾庄而已，實際上也演變成三個歷史地理區域；社子溪與土牛溝是構成這三個區域的地理界線。影響至今，梅新地區部分的人文區域結構（如民間信仰系統、方言或次方言群分布），仍一定程度反映著拓墾原初之時的地域性結構格局。再者，梅新地區居民使用的方言（次方言）經過二百餘年的競合與重組，海陸腔客語逐漸成為整個梅新地區的優勢腔，反映著方言競合過程中眾勝寡消的規律性。

關鍵字

祖籍 ； 客家方言 ； 半福佬客 ； 區域 ； 桃園

並列摘要

In the history of the development of Taiwan, Yangmei and Xinwu Hsiangs (Meixin Region) in Taoyuan County belong to three reclamation farmsteads: Cuifeng reclamation farmstead, Daxichian re clamation farmstead, and Jhuxiehe reclamation farmstead. In this study, we found that the establishment and development of the three farmsteads are intimately tied to the immigrants' ancestral homes and dialect groups. Immigrants with ancestral homes from Haifeng and Lufeng Counties, Huijhou Prefecture, and Guangdong Province were mainly distributed to the west of Tu'niou Trench, with two dialect groups divided by She-zih Creek. While those who settled in Daxichian farmstead to the north of the creek were mainly HalfHohlo-Hakka dialectic groups proficient in both Southem Min and Hakkadialects, those who settled in Cuifeng farmstead to the south of the creek were mainly Haifeng and Lufeng speakers. Those who settled in Jhuxiehe to the east of Tu'niou Trench were mainly Si Hsien Hakka speakers.These three reclamation farmsteads were not just farmsteads. They have since evolved into three geo-historical areas bordered by She-zih Creek and Tu'niou Trench. Even as of today, some of the Meixin cultural structures (such as the local belief system and the dialect or subdialect distribution) still reflect certain degree of the original regional framework of the early settlers. In addition, after competing and reorganization for over two hundred years, Hai-Lufeng Hakka has become the dominant accent in Meixin region, a testimony to the principle of the survival of the majority.

並列關鍵字

Ancestral homes ； Hakka dialect ； Half-Hohlo-Hakka ； region ； Taoyuan