瑜珈之為用大矣哉：再探史坦尼斯拉夫斯基「體系」的瑜珈之用

The Use of Yoga in the System of Stanislavsky: A Revisit

蘇子中(Tsu-Chung Su)

《戲劇學刊》 34期 (2021/07) Pp. 91-130

摘要

近年來有越來越多的研究指出，史坦尼斯拉夫斯基是倡議與運用瑜珈修習方法來訓練演員的先驅。我們要問就在史氏建構其體系之時，是什麼樣的藝術考量引導他轉向瑜珈並步上精神探索之路？什麼樣的社會與文化認知或影響形塑了史氏對瑜珈的理解？誰是促成史氏轉向瑜珈的人？瑜珈的理念和方法逐漸滲入史氏建立的「體系」，這樣的轉變讓我們認知到史氏其實更在意一種身心合一的性靈與身體探索，而非由史氏美國弟子所塑造著重情感記憶和心理刻劃的方法演技。本論文再探史氏體系的瑜珈之用，係因為筆者相信唯有全盤了解瑜珈對史氏整個體系的影響，才能糾正以往對史氏體系以偏概全的認識。論文的第一部份將為「史氏體系的瑜珈之用」提供一個粗略的脈絡和時代氛圍。接著，在第二部份，論文利用時序和主題的交織，深度探索瑜珈身心靈技術在史氏「體系」所扮演的角色。接著論文把重點放在史氏工作室的理想與工作目標的討論，並針對特定練習項目與主題，諸如創意光圈與創意情緒，做更深入的追蹤研究。其次，論文藉由闡釋和分析「超意識」和「我在」兩個詞彙來彰顯史氏體系的靈性底蘊。最後論文將就史氏體系中的瑜珈之用，作出個人的觀察與評估。

關鍵字

史坦尼斯拉夫斯基 ； 體系 ； 瑜珈 ； 創意狀態 ； 超意識

並列摘要

In recent years, more and more research has shown that Stanislavsky was one of the pioneers who advocated and employed yoga exercises to train actors. This paper attempts to identify his artistic concern that led him to turn to yoga and embarked on the path of spiritual quest when he started to build his System. What kind of social and cultural perceptions or influences shaped Stanislavsky's understanding of yoga? Who was the person that brought about his turn to yoga? The System incorporated yoga ideas and practices step by step. This inclusion has helped us realize that what concerned Stanislavsky most is the psychophysical acting built on both spiritual quest and embodied research rather than the kind of Method Acting that focuses on emotional memory and social/psychological realism. This paper proposes to explore and revisit Stanislavsky's use of yoga. It confirms the act that a comprehensive review of the impact of yoga on the System can contribute to redress biases towards the System. The first part of the paper is intended to provide context and zeitgeist for the whole paper. In the second part, the paper explores the role of yoga in the System by putting special emphasis on examining the goals of Stanislavsky's studios set up at different stages, investigating main topics such as the creative circle and the creative mood, and analyzing intriguing spiritual terms such as ＂the superconscious＂ and ＂I am.＂ In the last part, the paper offers personal observation and a critical assessment of the use of yoga in the System.

並列關鍵字

Stanislavsky ； the System ； yoga ； the creative state ； the superconscious

參考文獻

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