桃園縣製造業之結構與空間分布的變遷

The Structural and Spatial Changes of the Manufacture in Taoyuan County

戴安蕙(An-Hui Dai)

《華岡地理學報》 16期 (2003/06) Pp. 169-196

摘要

1960年代初採取出口導向的工業化政策後，使臺灣經濟快速成長，特別是臺北都會區。由於位居臺北都會區的外緣，桃園縣因地利之便，工業快速發展，導致大量移入人口來自臺灣各地，主要是中、南部。這使得桃園縣人口成爲僅次於台北縣的第二大縣。僅僅在一、二十年間，桃園縣從一個農業社會蛻變成工業社會。
在上述的背景下，本文的目的是企圖分析1960年代後，桃園縣製造業之結構與空閒分布上之改變，以瞭解工業化對桃園縣之影響。本文利用一些簡單的計量方法，即「相對成長率」及「區位商數」，來分析、詮釋桃園縣產業結構與空間分布之改變。從本文的分析得出一些重要的結論：（一）桃園縣製造業的結構，從以勞力密集爲主的工業，如食品加工，慢慢轉變爲較資本或技術密集的工業，如石化製品工業；（二）桃園縣製造業的空間分布，基本上由三條軸線組成：(1)中部的桃園－中壢軸線，大致沿台一號公路，爲本縣最東要的工業走廊；(2)沿東邊山麓地帶的大溪－龍潭軸線：(3)沿西邊沿海的大園－觀音軸線。（三）由原來的三軸線慢慢向兩側各鄉鎮擴散，使製造業分布遍及全縣除東部山地外的各鄉鎮。（四）大部分鄉鎮的製造業結構也由原來較傾向專業化結構轉變成較雜異化的結構。

關鍵字

出口導向工業化 ； 相對成長率 ； 區位商數 ； 臺北都會區 ； 勞力密集工業 ； 資本或技術密集工業

並列摘要

The export-oriented industrialization strategies implemented in Taiwan in early 1960s resulted in the rapid economic growth in Taiwan in general, and in the Taipei Metropolitan Area in particular. Being located at the outer margin of the Taipei Metropolitan Area, Taoyuan County has gained a great progress in industrialization as a result of its locational advantages. This resulted in the mass in-migration of population from other part of Taiwan, namely central and southern Taiwan. Consequently, Taoyuan County has become the second largest county in terms of population, only next to Taipei County. Just within one or two decades, Taoyuan County has been transferred into an industrialized society from an agricultural one.
Under the background of the aforementioned development, the aim of this paper is trying to investigate the structural and spatial changes of the manufactures in Taoyuan County from the 1960s on, by using the quantitative methods, i.e. ”relative growth rate” and ”location quotient”. Some significant findings were concluded from the analyses. Among them are: (1) the structures of the manufactures in Taoyuan County are changing from labor-intensive industries, such as food-processing industries, to more capital-or technology-intensive industries, such as petro-chemical industries; (2) the spatial pattern of the manufactures in Taoyuan County consists of three axes: namely, (a) the Taoyuan-Chungli axis in the center, along the No. 1 provincial highway, which is the most significant industrial corridor, (b) the Tashi-Lungtan axis along the eastern piedmont area, (c) the Tayuan-Kuanyin axis along the western coast area; (3) the three axes pattern has gradually diffused into other hsiangs (rural districts) and towns, and, consequently, the manufactures are more widely distributed among the whole county except the eastern mountain areas; and (4) the structures of the manufactures in most of the hsiangs and towns are changing from a more specialized structure to a more diversified one.

並列關鍵字

export-oriented industrialization ； relative growth rate ； location quotient ； Taipei Metropolitan Area ； labor-intensive industries ； capital- or technology-intensive industries

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