阻力訓練調控長期合成性及分解性賀爾蒙對高齡者肌肉適能的影響

Effects of Resistance Training on Long-Term Anabolic and Catabolic Hormones and Muscle Fitness in the Elderly

林建廷(Chien-Ting Lin)

《運動生理暨體能學報》 29輯 (2019/12) Pp. 9-23

https://doi.org/10.6127/JEPF.201912_(29).0002

摘要

背景：人類隨年齡增長，逐年有肌肉適能（肌肉質量、肌肉力量、肌肉功能）減退等問題，進而影響高齡者獨立生活能力，如走路緩慢與精細運動機能退化。伴隨老化現象所產生的肌肉質量降低，與長期血液中低濃度的合成性賀爾蒙，例如：類胰島素生長因子-1（insulin-like growth factor 1, IGF-1），高濃度的胰島素（insulin）與高濃度的分解性賀爾蒙，例如：腫瘤壞死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α）、介白素-6（interleukin 6, IL-6）有關。先前研究顯示阻力訓練能增加肌肉質量與改善身體功能表現，但阻力訓練是否能有益地調控合成性及分解性賀爾蒙尚未完全釐清。目的：釐清阻力訓練對健康高齡者的肌肉適能與血液生化指標的影響，以及統整最適當的高齡者運動處方。方法：使用電子文獻搜索，整合先前阻力訓練對65歲以上高齡者之賀爾蒙分泌與肌肉適能研究。結語：阻力訓練對高齡者之影響為：部分研究TNF-α顯著降低，IL-6有降低趨勢但未達顯著；IGF-1顯著升高，胰島素結果不一，需更多研究加以探討；肌肉適能顯著改善肌肉力量與功能，肌肉質量變化則不一致。對老化採取最適當的運動處方為：8週以上、6～8項全身運動項目、每週3次、高強度（75～85% 1最大肌力 [repetition maximum, RM]）、短組間休息1.0～1.5分鐘、高訓練量（3組以上與最後1組至力竭），可提高血液IGF-1與降低TNF-α、IL-6的濃度。

關鍵字

老人 ； 運動 ； 肌少症 ； 肌肉流失 ； 重量訓練

並列摘要

Background: As people age, a progressive loss of muscle fitness (skeletal muscle strenth, mass and function) leads to functional incapacity such as slow gait and loss of fine motor skills. The decline in muscle mass is associated with long-term low levels of anabolic hormones (insulin-like growth factor 1, IGF-1) and high levels of insulin and catabolic hormones (tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α; interleukin 6, IL-6). Previous studies have shown that resistance trainings can increase muscle mass and improve physical performance. However, whether progressive resistance training has beneficial effects on anabolic hormones, and catabolic hormones is unclear. Purpose: The present study was to investigate the effects of resistance training on muscle fitness and blood parameters in healthy elders. Methods: In order to understand the impacts of resistance training between the elderly's hormone levels and overall muscle fitness, the current study integrated previous research related to changes in muscle fitness in people aged 65 years or older. Summary: Some studies indicate that after training, IGF-1 significantly increased and TNF-α significantly decreased while IL-6 shows a slight decreasing trend. It turned out that the relationship between resistance training and insulin is inconsistent. For the relationship between resistance training and muscle fitness, the consistent results indicate that after training, muscle strength and function has improved, but no significant effects are shown on muscle mass. Resistance training with 3 sets of 6-8 repetitions (75-85% of 1 repetition maximum [RM]) that conditions the major muscle groups 3 days per week for at least 8 weeks is recommended for elderly.

並列關鍵字

older people ； exercise ； sarcopenia ； muscle loss ； weight training

參考文獻

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