韓國民主化與國家認同－美國、核武、與統一

Democratization and Korean Identity Issues: U.S., Nuclear Weapons, and Unification

紀舜傑(Shun-Jie Ji)

《台灣國際研究季刊》 6卷4期 (2010/12) Pp. 93-110

https://doi.org/10.29800/TLSQ.201012.0005

摘要

長久以來，韓國和台灣經常被相提並論，同樣曾經受到日本殖民、戰後經濟發展模式同被歸類政府主導的東亞模式、同被列爲亞洲四小龍，也同樣面臨國家認同的問題。韓國國家認同的主要訴求在於長期處於外在霸權的環伺和威脅下，如何維護自身的文化認同，歷史獨立性，與國家主權的完整。韓國基本上沒有族群認同的歧見，也沒有語言、文化、歷史等認同歧異的問題，其國家認同是對自己國家的定位、歸屬感、結盟對象、以及對北韓的態度問題。韓國民主化對威權統治的挑戰延伸至支持威權政權的美國，在民族主義情緒下，美國便被歸類爲帝國主義，是美國讓韓國變成不正常的國家，無法完全獨立自主，必須因爲安全因素讓渡主權，因此形成反美運動。另一方面，北韓認爲韓戰是解放南韓人民，免於美國的帝國主義和事實的殖民統治，近年來則以核武民族主義爲手段，企圖讓美國在朝鮮半島的事務上退回正常外力的地位，而不是韓國的宗主國的角色。李明博試圖回到右派反共的老路，近來提出統一的三階段論和提出徵收統一稅，表面上是往統一的路上邁進，但事實上可能是警告韓國人，統一的路是漫長且艱鉅的。

關鍵字

族群民族主義 ； 核武民族主義 ； 反美運動 ； 陽光政策

並列摘要

Taiwan and Korea have been put on the same page as competitors and partners after the World War Ⅱ. They shared similar national development experiences, including issue and challenge of national identity. National identity issues in Korea are not on inclusion and exclusion of citizenship, or separatist movements based on different language, cultural, or religious backgrounds. They are rather on how to remain full sovereignty under oppression from super powers. The U.S. government became an obvious target to blame when democratization was introduced in Korea given the military influence and support for Korean authoritarian regimes. Koreans were torn between choices of security and sovereignty. On the other hand, North Korean government daringly built up nuclear power capacity to challenge the American dominant role of the Korean peninsular. They view the U.S. presence as the biggest obstacle for unification between two Koreas. Although unification seems to be the long-term goal for people of two Koreas, however, President Lee Myung-bak recently made some shifts on this issue. By proposing to collect ”unification tax,” he addressed the reality checks issues to all Koreans. Unification is essential psychologically, but, could be economic unbearable.

並列關鍵字

ethnic nationalism ； nuclear nationalism ； anti-American movements ； Sunshine Policy

參考文獻

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