以色列的國家認同－集中營與巴勒斯坦的推拉

本文以民族主義之原生論與建構論為分析脈絡，從猶太人在歐洲受到迫害的推力，與巴勒斯坦作為猶太人復國的實踐地的記憶拉力，探討猶太人的記憶與以色列建國及國家認同的關連，這些記憶包含上帝在出埃及運動時期的應許，以及二次大戰期間集中營迫害的記憶。其次以多元文化主義觀點，以多數民族與少數民族的權利義務關係為題，討論1990年代新的回歸移民對以色列國家認同的衝擊，還有關於猶太復國主義的新思維。以色列境內的阿拉伯公民是以色列作為一個民主國家的挑戰，他們不只是少數民族，也是以色列生存最大威脅的阿拉伯勢力的同一民族，他們在巴勒斯坦、阿拉伯世界，與以色列的認同之間掙扎。冷戰結束以色列人調整自己的定位和走向，他們對自身文化內涵的反省更甚於只是愛國主義。在全球化下，以色列似乎悄悄地發展經濟和科技，讓柔性國力強化她在阿拉伯世界的正當性和安全性。

關鍵字

猶太復國主義；納粹集中營；以色列阿拉伯人；前蘇聯猶太人

並列摘要

This article explores the identity issues of Israel through ethnic origin and constructive perspectives of nationalism. The pushing force came from the tragedy experience of Nazi holocaust that drove the Jews to find a new homeland. The historical memory on Palestine pulled them back to their long lost home. The identity challenges came from the Israel's state building, in which the Arabs in Palestine and in the Middle East viewed as a threat and invasion from the Western. The Israeli Arabs were put in a difficult world torn between two authorities, one from the regime of Israel and the other from the Palestine Authority. The differentiated treatment, if not discrimination, they received became barrier for them to form unitary state identity with the Jews. The end of the Cold War changed Israelis' mindset on state identity and worldview. They now try to develop soft power, moving toward culture and technology innovation, to consolidate their security and legitimacy in the world.

並列關鍵字

Zionism ； Nazi Holocaust ； Israeli Arabs ； former Soviet Union Jews

參考文獻

大紀元， 2006 。〈以色列是世界移民比例最高國家〉（http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/6/1/n1336675.htm)(2011/8/12)。

Google Scholar

曹宇帆，2009 。〈 8成以色列猶太人對國家未來樂觀〉中央社專電。（http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/9/4/29/n2510352p.htm)(2011/8/12)

Google Scholar

Agbarieh, Asma. 2008. 2008. "'Future Vision': Israel's Arab Elite and Reality." Challenge(http://www.challenge-mag.com/en/article__129/future_vision_israels_arab_elite_and_reality) (2011/08/13).