Adolescent Interpersonal Relationship Quantity and Quality, Belongingness, and Loneliness

青少年人際關係的量與質、歸屬感以及寂寞感之研究

陳婉真(Wan-Chen Chen)

《輔導與諮商學報》 31卷1期 (2009/05) Pp. 17-37

https://doi.org/10.7040/JGC.200905.0017

摘要

青少年時期是一段最容易感受到強烈寂寞感的時間。本研究探討青少年之人際關係的質與量如何影響其對家庭、朋友與親密伴侶的歸屬感與寂寞感。研究樣本爲479名12至22歲之國中、高中及大學學生，採用結構方程模型驗證從歸屬感角度探討青少年寂寞感之模式。研究結果顯示該模式能夠解釋國中、高中以及大學青少年的寂寞感。青少年與家庭成員的關係能夠促進對家庭的歸屬感；與最要好朋友的關係則有利於對朋友的歸屬感；對家庭與對朋友的歸屬感均可降低青少年的寂寞感。然而，多群組模式無法證明三階段的青少年對家人與朋友的寂寞感與歸屬感有所差異。在家庭歸屬感方面，高中與大學階段的青少年與父親互動比國中階段更爲重要。研究發現青少年在追求友誼與親密關係的個體化過程，並不會損及與家庭成員既有的關係。

關鍵字

人際關係的質與量 ； 青少年 ； 歸屬感 ； 寂寞感

並列摘要

Adolescence is a time of experiencing widespread and particularly intense feelings of loneliness. This study investigated how the quantity and quality of evolving interpersonal relationships affect adolescent feelings of belongingness to family, friends, and romantic partners, and moreover, how such relationships influence their feelings of loneliness. A total of 479 adolescents aged between 12 and 22 from a middle school, a senior high school, and a university participated in the study. A quantitative approach using structural equation modeling was employed to address the appropriateness of the hypothetical adolescent loneliness model from the perspective of belongingness. The results indicated that the hypothetical model was reliable for assessing loneliness during the three stages (early, middle, and late) of adolescence. The study found that the interaction between the quality and quantity of adolescents' interpersonal relationships with family members contributed to their feelings of belongingness to family. Similarly, interaction between relationship quality and quantity with a best friend contributed to adolescents' feelings of belongingness to their friends. Moreover, feelings of belongingness to family and friends were associated with decreased adolescents' level of loneliness. However, the results from multiple group modeling failed to demonstrate predicted differences between Adolescents' feelings of loneliness and belongingness to family and friends for the three stages of adolescence. As regards adolescents' feelings of belongingness to family, the interaction between relationship quantity and quality with one's father was more important for middle and late adolescents than for early adolescents. The findings of this study also had relevance for the individuation process of adolescence. The pursuit of friendships and romantic partners, including their increased appreciation of these relationships, was achieved without loss of connection with family members.

並列關鍵字

adolescents ； belongingness ； interpersonal relationship ； loneliness

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