從基督宗教、儒家及演化論看利他主義

本文透過參考演化生物學對利他主義的解釋、尤其親族選擇和互惠利他主義的理論，以及聖多瑪斯．亞奎納、王陽明以及當代一些基督教和／或儒教倫理學家的思想，嘗試以利他主義作為焦點，置基督宗教、儒家和演化論生物學於三邊對話當中。文章提出，演化論方法對利他主義的討論、尤其有關對集團內者的利他和對集團外者的自利之間的討論，除能促進儒家與演化論生物學，以及基督教神學與生物學之間的對話之外，更可對耶儒對話有所貢獻。

關鍵字

利他主義；儒家；演化；聖多瑪斯；王陽明

並列摘要

Through making references to the biological explanations of altruism, especially the theories of kin selection and reciprocal altruism, the ethical thoughts of St. Thomas Aquinas, Wang Yang-ming, and some contemporary Christian and/or Confucian ethicists, this article attempts to engage Christianity, Confucianism and evolutionary biology in a fruitful tri-lateral dialogue on altruism. It argues that in addition to the dialogue between Confucianism and evolutionary biology as well as the dialogue between Christian theology and biology, the evolutionary perspective on altruism, especially the relationship between in-group altruism and out-group egoism, can also contribute fruitfully to the dialogue between Christianity and Confucianism