銀髮族運動參與程度及利益知覺關係之研究

由於醫學進步與公共健康安全的改善，以及出生率的大幅降低，使得我國已進入高齡化社會。研究指出銀髮族容易對生活產生不滿意，而透過運動參與則可促進生活滿意。本研究目的在瞭解銀髮族對運動利益的知覺，並探討不同運動參與程度的銀髮族對於運動利益知覺的差異。本研究採人員訪問之問卷調查法，以配額抽樣原則，針對60歲以上的銀髮族，於台北市區多處公園發放問卷，共回收400份有效問卷。研究結果顯示，國內銀髮族參與的運動種類廣泛，從非常緩合的走路到強度較高的網球，且具有高參與頻率。本研究亦發現銀髮族在社會互動的利益上知覺最高。而銀髮族對於運動利益知覺會因其參與的運動強度和頻率的不同有顯著差異，低強度高頻率的運動參與者所知覺到的利益最高，而運動習慣爲高強度低頻率的銀髮族，不論在生理或心理方面的利益知覺均低於其他三群受訪者。因此，本研究建議銀髮族維持規律地運動習慣勝過於進行高強度的運動。

關鍵字

銀髮族；運動參與；利益知覺

並列摘要

Due to the medical advances and the improvement of public health and safety, and the dramatic fall of birth rate, Taiwan has become an aging society. Research indicates that the elderly is likely to have lower life satisfaction, and this can be improved by the participation of physical exercise. The objective of this study was to identify perceived benefits among elderly and relationships of physical exercise and perceived benefits. Face to face questionnaire survey was adopted, and quota sampling was chosen to select the respondents. The survey was conducted in a number of parks in Taipei city and people who aged over 60 were interviewed with questionnaire. A total of 400 valid questionnaires were collected. The results find that the elderly participated a wide range of sports, from very relaxed exercise such as walking to demanding sport such as tennis and aerobics, and they participate physical exercises very frequently. The results also show that social interaction was perceived as the most important benefits of exercise. There were significant differences between the level of exercise participation and perceived exercise benefits. Respondents who had participated lower intensity and higher frequency exercises perceived the highest benefits, and those who participated higher intensity exercises and lower frequency perceived the lowest benefits. The study suggests that the elderly should keep doing low intensity exercise regularly, rather than doing high intensity exercise.