創傷與重生－從早期作品論郭松棻創作基調的形成

在台灣八○年代的政治文學風潮中，作品主題常圍繞在國族認同與政治立場的表達。但是在此風潮中，郭松棻作品所表現出的國族認同卻顯得難以辨識。因此，前行研究在分析郭氏作品時，往往產生非常分歧的看法。然而，本文認為這種難以辨識的特色，正是郭松棻在回應台灣當時的政治變化與認同焦慮的一種策略。而且，這種回應策略從他的早期作品即已出現，並成為他日後作品的基本調性。此基本調性有二：第一，作者認為人對身分認同的認知是受到社會建構的，因此質疑具有本質化傾向的認同模式。第二，作者認為既然認同是被社會建構的，那麼經歷多重殖民統治的台灣人就在不同政權的文化建構中，產生認同上的矛盾，甚至是離散（diaspora）的經驗。因此，相較於八○年代的政治文學，郭松棻的作品既不是在宣揚某種真理化的國族認同，也並非在嘲諷認同焦慮，而是試圖為台灣內部的認同僵局思索解決之道。

關鍵字

政治文學；郭松棻；國族認同

並列摘要

The predominate political literature of the 1980's was characterized by a discussion of national identity and the conflicts associated with the popular political stands of the era. However, Guo Song Fen, as a representative author of the political literature of this time, differs greatly in theory and focus on the issue of national identity. Until now, Guo Song Fen's works have been analyzed to imply that he ascribed to either one of the schools of national identity. However, this paper argues that it is exactly this characteristic of ambiguity that acts as a strategy to respond to the political changes and confusion concerning national identity at that time. Guo Song Fen's defining themes can be understood by his belief that identity is a kind of social construction and thereby is more appropriately understood through anti-essentialism. Specifically, in terms of the Taiwanese experience of identity, Guo Song Fen believed that the repeated experience of being a colonized people ruled by several different regimes, created a conflicted identity of self in which the Taiwanese could not reconcile the contradictory elements of their social history. Furthermore, because of Guo Song Fen's forced immigration to the United States, his experience of Diaspora further complicated his relationship with identity. The aforementioned themes can be seen in Guo Song Fen's earliest works and later became the defining characteristic of Guo's literature. As the political literature of the 1980's either chose to ascribe to the belief in a conclusive identity, or chose to take an ironic or satiric perspective on the matter, Guo Song Fen's literature lies outside of these two opposing perspectives. Instead, his works emphasized the importance of identity and the anti-essentialist nature of the self.