發展宜蘭高齡友善城市的過程與工作模式

The Process and Work Model Used to Develop an Age-Friendly Project in Yilan

李怡娟(I‐Chuan Li) ； 郭懷婷(Huai‐Ting Kuo) ； 劉建廷(Chien‐Ting Liu) ； 陳嬿玲(Yen‐Ling Chen)

《護理暨健康照護研究》 11卷3期 (2015/09) Pp. 216-223

https://doi.org/10.6225/JNHR.11.3.216

摘要

背景：隨著人口老化及都市化的發展，世界衛生組織提出了全球高齡友善城市計畫，目標在於建構影響長者健康與安適的環境、社會及經濟等因素，並能促進活躍老化。目的：呈現宜蘭高齡友善第一年針對高齡者的需求評估及行動計畫形成過程，作為後續行動計畫的依據。方法：以參與性行動研究（participatory action research, PAR）設計，研究對象包括33位宜蘭縣在地的社區組織領導人，透過質性焦點團體訪談方法，收集長者需求資料。結果：本研究發現，「社會參與」是老人表現健康及環境友善的最顯著的指標，並提出充能高齡友善長者之持續性服務的工作模式－ACCESS（Age-Friendly Continuum Care Empowering services），作為進一步計畫的工作指引。結論／實務應用：本研究期望透過ACCESS工作模式，建立以社區為基礎的宜蘭高齡友善服務，以提供長者具可近性且包羅萬有的持續性照護服務，達到充能長者及提升其生活品質的目標。

關鍵字

高齡友善 ； 過程 ； 工作模式 ； 宜蘭縣

並列摘要

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has been promoting age‐friendly cities worldwide as a response to population ageing and urbanization trends. The age‐friendly city concept encourages active ageing by constructing healthy and comfortable physical, social, and economic environments. Purpose: The purposes of the present study were to present the results of a needs assessment of older people and to present the rationale behind the health projects that were conducted during the first year of work under the Yilan Age‐Friendly Project. Methods: The present study used a participatory action research (PAR) design and a focus group method to interview 33 community leaders in Yilan County. Results: The results of the present study found that social participation is an important indicator that reflects the health status outcomes of older people and the level of environmental ＂friendliness＂. An ACCESS (Age‐ Friendly Continuum Care Empowering ServiceS) work model was proposed to serve as a guide for all subsequent activities that were organized under the Yilan Age‐Friendly Project. Conclusions/Implication for Practice: The results of applying the ACCESS model in the present study support the initiation of community‐based, all‐inclusive continuous services for older people in order to improve their level of empowerment and quality of life.

並列關鍵字

age‐friendly ； process ； work model ； Yilan County

參考文獻

施春華、侯淑英、楊明仁、張麗珍、張自強、黃俊仁（2005）‧社區老人憂鬱症狀的流行病學及活動參與介入之成效‧實證護理，1(1)，29-34。[Shih, C. H., Hou, S. Y., Yang, M. J., Chang, L. C., Chang, T. C., & Huang, C. J. (2005). Epidemiology and the effects of participation in social activities on depressive symptoms among the community dwelling elderly. Journal of Evidence-Based Nursing, 1(1), 29-34.]

劉麗娟（2014）‧台灣建立健康及高齡友善城市之歷程，評量系統與未來趨勢‧城市學學刊，5(1)，87-114。[Liu, L. C. (2014). The processes, assessment system and future of health and age-friendly cities in Taiwan. Journal of Urbanology, 5(1), 87-114.]

Ahern, M. M., & Hendryx, M. (2008). Community participation and the emergence of late-life depressive symptoms: Differences between women and men. Journal of Women's Health, 17(9), 1463-1470.

Chiao, C., Weng, L. J., & Botticello, A. L. (2011). Social participation reduces depressive symptoms among older adults: An 18-year longitudinal analysis in Taiwan. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 292.

Levasseur, M., Desrosiers, J., & Tribble, D. S. (2008). Do quality of life, participation and environment of older adults differ according to level of activity? Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 6(1), 30.