北管尋親記：臺灣北管與日本清樂的文本比較

Searching for Beiguan's Siblings: A Comparison of Texts between Beiguan in Taiwan and Shingaku in Japan

李婧慧(Ching-Huei Lee)

《關渡音樂學刊》 10期 (2009/05) Pp. 157-189

https://doi.org/10.29873/GMJ.200905.0009

摘要

北管是臺灣漢族傳統音樂中主要樂種之一，大約於十八世紀起由移民從福建帶來臺灣，並且植根於此族群、語言、宗教與習俗均與原鄉相同的新土地，與漢族社會生活密切相關。流傳於日本的中國音樂品種「清樂」(「清」指「清代」)，也是傳自中國東南沿海（以福建為主）的民間音樂及戲曲；於十九世紀初經由貿易路線傳到日本長崎，隨後散播至日本各地，亦即流傳於一個語言、民族與社會與其原鄉不同的地方。由於北管與清樂均源自以福建為主要地區的民間音樂與戲曲，二者是否源自同一音樂種類？彼此之間的相關性如何？有無分歧？當音樂被移植於不同的社會，在社會文化背景轉換與實踐者的審美等因素影響下，音樂所扮演的角色與意義會產生變化，而這種變化又反過來影響到該樂種的消長。為了瞭解北管與清樂的相關性，及其角色與意義的變遷和影響，本文以北管與清樂的音樂文本比較為焦點，包括二者的溯源、音樂要素與內容等，以期透過北管與清樂的比較，加深對此二樂種的了解，並且突顯出二者之間的密切相關性。

關鍵字

北管 ； 清樂 ； 明清樂 ； 音樂比較 ； 音樂與移民 ； 音樂與貿易

並列摘要

Beiguan is one of the dominant traditional music genres in Taiwan. It was brought to Taiwan by immigrants from Fujian province in southern China during the eighteenth century. It spread in a new land where people, religion, customs and language were similar to its original land. Shingaku (lit. Qing music) is a Japanese music genre that was originally a kind of folk music imported from the southeast coastal area of China, mainly Fujian province, through the routes of trade to Nagasaki at the beginning of the nineteenth century. It spread in Japan, a foreign land where the people and language were different from its original land.Since beiguan and shingaku originated from similar sources, folk music and theatrical genres from southern China, do they have any common relationships of origin? To what extent are these two genres similar? What are the divergences between these two genres? When beiguan and shingaku relocated in different places with various contexts, due to divergences of social factors and peoples' tastes and characters, their roles and meanings were varied and the changes in turn affected the maintenance of the music in their respective new homes. In order to obtain an insightful understanding of beiguan and shingaku and the changes due to the relocation, a comparative study of these genres becomes a requisite and valuable strategy. Consequently, this paper mainly compares the sources and texts of music of the two genres. The results are not only for a deeper understanding of beiguan and shingaku, but also manifest their similarities which confirm the genetic relationship between these genres.

並列關鍵字

beiguan ； shingaku ； minshingaku ； comparative studies of music ； music and migration ； music and trade

參考文獻

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