Purpose, Stakeholders and Values: Museum Leadership in the 21^(st) Century

These are exciting times through which to lead a museum. Public museums are being put into the hands of regional and local governments or privatized, and most museums are being called upon to increase their earned income and private support. Museum managers are becoming leaders. Looking outward, they can learn from business models to position their institutions strategically as destinations for cultural tourism, as sites of urban revitalization, as places for learning in the information age, as engines of economic development with the potential to facilitate growth of the experience economy and contribute to a creative economy in which inventiveness and meaning making rather than information define a new conceptual age. Museums are also embedded in the network of shared interests and values that make up what has been called the social capital of a civil society. Museum leaders clarify the purpose and public value of their institutions. They plan strategically, guided by a vision for what their institutions can become. They build capability necessary to carry out the purpose of their museums by securing the support of external stakeholders with an interest in their institutions; by hiring and retaining effective staff, supporting their professional development, and modeling such core values as respect, teamwork and accountability, appropriate to the culture in which they work; and by being effective advocates. Museum leaders, other staff and supporters engage in a cycle of planning, action, evaluation, and reflection that enables them to learn and adapt in a changing environment. Leaders do not work alone. They put people first.

關鍵字

museum leadership ； purpose ； core value

並列摘要

就博物館界而言，當前是研究博物館領導這個議題令人振奮的時刻。為了提昇博物館收入與民間支持，許多公立博物館紛紛轉由區域性或地方性政府部門管理，甚至委託私人單位經營。於是，過去只須負責管理的博物館人，由於博物館角色與功能的遞嬗，如今必須擔負起博物館領導者的角色。對博物館領導者而言，跨出博物館之外可向企業模式借鏡，學習如何定位與營運策略之調整，例如究竟是成為文化觀光目的地、城鎮振興景點、資訊時代的學習場域？還是要成為創意與觀念掛帥年代驅動創意經濟的場所？不過，從公民社會角度觀之，博物館仍處於共同利益與價值所構築的社會資本網絡之中。簡言之，21世紀的博物館領導者至少應具備下列能力：瞭解博物館設立宗旨與公共價值、有策略性地提出計畫使願景得以實現、爭取外在利益關係人的支持與認同使博物館得以朝既定目標前進、任用有效能的館員並鼓勵員工提昇專業知能以及形塑組織文化與核心價值（如尊重、團隊合作和責任感等）。此外，領導者亦須適時為博物館發聲以贏得各界支持。博物館領導者、館員與支持者彼此相互依存，同處於一個以計畫、執行、評鑑與檢討的循環體系當中，相互學習並不斷自我修正以適應外在環境的瞬息萬變。切記，領導者要將「人」放在問題思考的第一優先，且絕不孤軍奮戰。

並列關鍵字

博物館領導力；宗旨；核心價值

參考文獻

American Association of Museums(1992).Excellence and Equity: Education and the Public Dimension of Museums.Washington, DC:American Association of Museums.