隔震系統最佳化設計流程及摩擦消能水平雙向隔震試驗之研究

Optimal Design Procedures for Isolation Systems and Bidirectional Experiment on Friction Pendulum Isolation System

王勝宣(Sheng-Hsuan Wang)

指導教授 ： 鍾立來

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.00401

摘要

在目前業界習用之設計流程中，不論是類彈簧還是摩擦消能隔震系統，皆缺少一套準則來決定消能參數之多寡，如等效阻尼比及摩擦係數，設計者通常是仰賴經驗來決定，故有改善空間。因此，本文將本團隊發表之阻尼比最佳化與摩擦係數最佳化設計公式融入業界習用之設計流程，是為最佳化設計流程，並以此流程來設計隔震案例。為彰顯最佳化設計流程之效果，本文以設計地震、1.5倍設計地震及近斷層地震當作輸入，並進行歷時分析。根據分析結果，若案例為類彈簧隔震系統，經過最佳化隔震設計後，即使在非設計地震作用下其位移反應也不會超過設計位移；若案例為摩擦消能隔震系統，即使經過最佳化隔震設計，在非設計地震作用下其位移反應依然超過設計位移，因為摩擦隔震之消能力不因外力放大而增加。因此本文嘗試修正摩擦隔震系統最佳化設計流程之邏輯，進而設計出能滿足非設計地震需求之摩擦係數。本文提出之設計流程相對於業界習用之流程差異不大，並不會大幅影響工程師之設計習慣，更可以提供依據，幫助工程師決定隔震系統之消能參數。
在摩擦單擺隔震系統受雙向震波作用之研究中，前人通常直接假設轉角微小、回復力為向心且線性，並以簡化後的模型來模擬雙向反應。本文則透過詳細的數學推導證明回復力之水平分量確實向心，亦直接導出了可模擬大角度反應之數學模型。當然，若角度微小，本文之模型與前人相同。為探討模型是否可靠，本文將以實驗結果來驗證。本文將詳細介紹實驗試體、設備及感測計，並藉實驗數據識別參數。本文使用之實驗數據包含水平單向與水平雙向，因此模擬亦包含單向及雙向，並藉由與實驗數據比較來檢驗模型，可知模型為可靠。最後探討雙向與單向模擬之差別，彰顯雙向模擬之優點。

關鍵字

類彈簧隔震系統 ； 摩擦單擺隔震系統 ； 最佳化設計流程 ； 動力穩定性 ； 雙向隔震試驗 ； 雙向模擬

並列摘要

In the conventional isolation design procedures, the energy dissipation parameters, like equivalent damping ratio and friction coefficient, are not determined by some certain criteria but engineers’ pratical experience. Therefore, we attempted to integrate the optimal formula of dissipation parameters into the conventional design procedures called optimal design procedures, and chose a real case to do the time history analysis and then discussed the feasibility of optimal design procedures. Three earthquake types were utilized as input, one was the design earthquake, another was a non-design earthquake with PGA which was 1.5 times the design earthquake, the other was a near-fault earthquake.
According to the analysis results, if the case utilized elastomeric isolators designed by optimal damping ratio design procedures, the isolation system could play a good result about isolation effect and displacement regardless of the types of input. If the case utilized friction pendulum system designed by optimal friction coefficient design procedures, the isolation displacement will be greater than the design displacement. For this reason, we tried to modify the logic of optimal friction coefficient design procedures, in order to obtain the required friction coefficient which would satisfy the demand of the non-design earthquake. Because the difference between the optimal design procedures and the conventional one is insignificant, engineers will feel comfortable to adopt the optimal design procedures. The optimal dissipation parameters formula will be the criteria in deciding the damping ratio and friction coefficient.
In the previous researches about simulating bidirectional response of friction pendulum system, the isolation model was directly simplified without any verification. Therefore, we tried to verify the simplication through the mathematical derivation and experimental data, and then utilized the simplified model to simulate the unidirectional and bidirectional response. The comparison between experimental data and simulation results was conducted. On the basis of the comparison results, we firmly believe that the simplified isolation model is reliable. Finally, The comparison between unidirectional and bidirectional simulation was also executed, and then the advantage of bidirectional simulation is obvious.

並列關鍵字

elastomeric isolation system ； friction pendulum system ； optimal design procedures ； dynamic stability ； bidirectional isolation test ； bidirection simulation

參考文獻

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