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  • 學位論文

論公民不服從之刑事責任–以可罰違法性之相對輕微型為中心–

The Research of Criminal Responsibility of Civil Disobedience

指導教授 : 李茂生
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摘要


近年來由於公民意識興起、權利意識高漲,與政府及企業財團間迭生衝突,人民面對來自四面八方的傾軋與既得利益者的剝削,不再沈默地委屈求全,為了維護自己的權利,或是貫徹自身信念,勇敢的大聲疾呼,期望吸引社會輿論關注,使用的手段除了傳統的走上街頭示威遊行外,開始採用各種五花八門、激烈程度不一的抗爭方式,雖然行為人與學者紛紛主張以「公民不服從」或是「抵抗權」的概念為行為之正當化基礎,然而對於這些「刁民」,政府機關與司法機關仍毫不手軟的祭出最為嚴厲的刑事手段加以咎責。 「公民不服從」與「抵抗權」因自始並非法律領域中之概念,其對於行為人行為之刑事責任論斷究生何種影響尚有待進一步的觀察,本文擬先釐清其概念內涵,而後探討其與刑事責任間之關聯性;惟抵抗權因評價高度繫諸於結果是否成功,又與本文欲探討之行為態樣不甚相符,故僅以「公民不服從」開展後續論述。 而就公民抗爭行為是否符合公民不服從要件、現行實務及學說對於行為人之刑事責任又是如何解讀、論述,本文分別就違反《集會遊行法》及《刑法》二部分舉實務上曾發生之案例詳加說明;結論上認為實務見解係將公民不服從行為與其他一般違法行為等同視之,至多僅於量刑階段作為減輕事由,並未正視其行為保護之利益;而學說則分別立基於不同之理論基礎,於構成要件、違法性、責任層次為主張,然或因標準不明確、或因與現行法律體系不符而難以適用。因現行國內法律理論無法解決此問題,本文自比較法觀點出發,就日本法所發展出之可罰違法性理論為進一步之研究,期能透過此一發展成熟之理論為公民不服從之刑事責任論斷尋求最佳之解決方式。

並列摘要


Recently, the contrivercy between people and Taiwan Government, enterprises are growing. For example, on March 18, due to the Ma administration forced the Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement through without due process, Taiwanese occupied the Parliament to end this democratic crisis. They called for a citizen constituteional assembly, spurned the Agreement, and demanded that the Agreement monitoring mechanism be institutionalized in this legislative term. The movement had been called "Sunflower Movement", referred to the use of sunflowers by the protesters as a symbol of hope as the flower is heliotropic. This term was popularised after a floristry contributed 1000 sunflowers to the students outside the Legislative Yuan building. Participants and legal academic advocated the movement being civil disobedience, which can be justified in law theory. Civil disobedience means the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government, or of an occupying international power. Nevertheless, it is not a precisely legal concept. Directly claiming that the act of civil disobedience can be justified in law theory is jumping to conclusions. Therefore, this research is about what is “civil disobedience”, and how it affects the criminal legal evaluation of participants of citizens’ protest.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


林柔孜(2015)。論強制罪 ─以抗爭行為為中心─〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU.2015.01830
周廷諺(2015)。以盧曼系統論觀察期待可能性之機能-以社會抗爭運動為例〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU.2015.01455

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