- 學位論文
柳杉樹皮超臨界流體萃取物之成分與生物活性研究
Studies on the Constituents and Bioactivities of Supercritical Fluid Extracts from Cryptomeria japonica Bark
摘要
柳杉（Cryptomeria japonica D. Don）分佈於東亞，廣泛地用為建築及家具材料。傳統木材加工業普遍無法有效利用柳杉之樹皮，因此開發樹皮的應用，非常值得研究。本研究使用超臨界流體萃取法及水蒸餾萃取法萃取柳杉樹皮，並利用氣相層析質譜和核磁共振光譜鑑定成分，並評估超臨界萃取物的生物活性。 結果顯示，在不同壓力及溫度下超臨界流體萃取物的收率，約為水蒸餾法精油收率的 2-4 倍。進一步比較超臨界流體萃取及水蒸餾精油之化學成分則可以發現，超臨界萃取物所含之雙ᑒ類化合物比率高於水蒸餾精油。水蒸餾法萃取所得之精油主要成分為 Cubebol、γ-Eudesmol、β-Eudesmol、15-Kaurene、Phyllocladan-16α-ol 和 Ferruginol；而超臨界萃取物的主要成分則是 Cubebol、Phyllocladan-16α-ol、Ferruginol、6,7-Dehydroferruginol、Cryptojaponol、Isopimaric acid 和 Sugiol。綜合而言，柳杉樹皮的超臨界萃取物，除了收率較高，也較水蒸餾法精油含有較高量的含氧雙帖類化合物。 生物活性評估顯示，柳杉樹皮超臨界流體萃取物與精油清除 DPPH 自由基與TEAC 總抗氧化的效果相近。超臨界流體萃取物於抑制 β-胡蘿蔔素脫色之效果則有優於精油的表現。超臨界萃取物與精油對於酪胺酶的抑制效果均不顯著。抗病媒蚊幼蟲活性方面，超臨界流體萃取物擁有優異的活性，對埃及斑蚊和白線斑蚊幼蟲具有良好的毒殺活性。評估超臨界流體萃取物中的 5 種雙帖化合物的抗病媒蚊活性，以 Cryptojaponol 對病媒蚊幼蟲的毒殺效果最佳，優於正對照組的魚藤精。 綜合試驗結果顯示柳杉樹皮萃取物與 Cryptojaponol 相當具有開發為天然抗病媒蚊幼蟲藥劑之潛力。
並列摘要
Cryptomeria japonica D. Don (Japanese cedar; sugi), a traditional constructural material, is a conifer tree distributed in East Asia. Despite the popular usage of sugi wood, the utilization of sugi bark is limited in the lumber industry. Recently, researchers have suggested that the usage of extracts may be a promosing method for bark utilization. Supercritical CO2 fluid extraction and hydrodistillation were used to extract C. japonica bark in this study. Chemical constituents of supercritical extract (SFE) and essential oil (EO) of sugi bark were identified by GC-MS and NMR analyses. Bioactivities of the extracts were also evaluated. Results showed that supercritical extraction yields under different temperatures and pressures were all much higher than that of EO obtained by hydrodistillation. Further comparison of the chemical composition between SFE and EO showed that SFE was composed of more diterpenoids than that of EO. The main constituents of EO were cubebol, γ-eudesmol, β-eudesmol, 15-kaurene, phyllocladan-16α-ol and ferruginol. As for SFE, cubebol, phyllocladan-16α-ol, 6,7-dehydroferruginol, ferruginol, isopimaric acid, cryptojaponol and sugiol were the major constituents. SFE of sugi bark showed a higher content of oxygenated diterpenes. Comparison of the bioactivities of these extracts showed that, although SFE has low inhibitory activity against the DPPH radical and ABTS˙+ radical (TEAC assay), it could effectively reduce β-carotene bleaching. EO, however, did not show significant antioxidation activities in these 3 in vitro tests. Tyrosinase inhibitory activities of these extracts were insignificant. SFE showed high mosquito larvicidal activity, LC50 of SFE against Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae were both lower than the LC50 of positive control, rotenone. Five diterpene compounds were isolated from SFE and further tested; cryptojaponol presented the highest inhibitory performance among the compounds, and showed better activity than the positive control. Results indicated that supercritical fluid extracts from C. japonica bark and cryptojaponol possess high larvicidal activity, and are highly potent to be used as natural pesticides.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
- 古喬云、鄭森松、吳季玲、李文馨、張上鎮、張惠婷（2008）。柳杉葉部精油及其成分之抗細菌活性評估。中華林學季刊，41(2)，237-247。https://doi.org/10.30064/QJCF.200806.0007
- 阮幼梅、李文昭（2009）。多元醇液化柳杉木材及樹皮之性質及其在硬質PU發泡體製造之應用。中華林學季刊，42(1)，137-150。https://doi.org/10.30064/QJCF.200903.0009
- 古喬云、鄭森松、陳煇仁、張上鎮、張惠婷（2007）。柳杉材部精油抗細菌活性成分之研究。中華林學季刊，40(2)，241-250。https://doi.org/10.30064/QJCF.200706.0007
- 鄭森松、李文馨、王亞男、張上鎮、張惠婷（2009）。柳杉枝條樹皮抽出物抗氧化能力之初探。國立臺灣大學生物資源暨農學院實驗林研究報告，23(3)，225-233。https://doi.org/10.6542/EFNTU.200909_23(3).0004
- 張懋如（2013）。Bioenergy Application Characteristics of Cryptomeria japonica and Acacia confusa Wood〔碩士論文，國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.03064