鹽害及中性化混凝土橋梁維修費用估算模式之研究

臺灣因為山脈南北縱走、河川東西分流的特性，橋梁成為聯絡各個區域之間的重要通道，並帶動經濟發展。橋梁建設於臺灣行之有年，截至目前為主，臺灣的橋梁使用超過30 年者已超過興建橋梁總數之50%以上，但因為臺灣的地理位置之特性為四面環海、氣候相對其他國家較為潮濕、季風盛行使海洋中的水氣送至臺灣、高人口密度以及工廠排放廢氣等因素，造成橋梁在多年使用之後，其構材的性能因各種腐蝕因子的侵入而呈現日趨惡化之現象，進而嚴重影響混凝土橋梁的正常使用性能以及安全性。而於橋梁材料劣化的部分，往往須於其使用年限內花上大筆費用進行維修工作，造成政府嚴重的財政負擔，如何在橋梁的生命週期間將維修成本做最有效的分配與利用是很重要的課題。　　本研究藉由文獻回顧的方式，了解橋梁劣化產生的原因與現象，從中尋找鹽害及中性化之影響因素，並探討兩者交互影響之關係，進而建立橋梁構件斷面損失與時間之曲線。接著整合過去劣化有關之文獻，對於不同劣化程度給予一參考的維修方式，將其與實際案例結合，並給予一參考之修補費用。最後，藉由本論文建立一套試算模型以評估橋梁於使用年限間之劣化情形，並分析其可能造成之維修費用以及維修時所需之成本估算，亦可提供政府編列橋梁維修預算時之經費參考。

關鍵字

鹽害；中性化；橋梁維修；維修費用

並列摘要

For the particular location and geographic environment, bridges have become the important channel in Taiwan. Besides, building bridges also promotes the economic indirectly. So far, more than 50% bridges have already been used for more than 30 years. The members’ performance of the bridges gradually decreases because of the corrosion factors, and it will seriously affect the safety of the bridges. How to allocate and use the maintenance fund in the life cycle of bridges has become the important issue recently. In this study, the reasons and phenomenon of the deterioration will be sorted out by literature review first. The relationship between salt attack and neutralization will be discussed and the curve followed by section loss through the time will be established later. Second, this study integrates previous literature about the deterioration, and concludes the repairing methods. Then, this study combines the results with the real cases, and provides the recommended cost of maintenance. To sum up, this study proposes a standard operation procedure (SOP) of the calculation process to evaluate the deterioration through the life cycle and estimate the possible cost of maintenance. Moreover, the government could refer to the model to assess the maintenance budget of the bridges.