物質循環度指標之研究 － 以PET瓶為例

A Study on Material Circulation Indicator － A Case of PET Bottle

董彥希(Yen-Hsi Tung)

指導教授 ： 馬鴻文

國立臺灣大學/工學院/環境工程學研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.01186

摘要

資源的消耗與廢棄物處理為全球永續發展面臨之重要議題，其中循環型社會為現行社會發展之重要目標，因此需評估指標來提供改善之依據。循環型社會之基本精神為促進資源有效利用與減低環境負荷程度；現行指標多針對物質回收耗損與投入產出之使用效率，往往忽略回收再製後之資源利用情形、其物質特性改變對循環效率之影響，與循環製程中所造成之附加環境排放衝擊。本研究就現行指標之不足，分別發展物質循環指數與環境負荷指數來建構循環度指標，以反映出現行社會循環體系下之資源利用效率以及其循環再製階段對於環境中所造成之全程排放衝擊。
環境負荷指數以具有全程盤查分析之生命週期評估為建構依據，選取Eco-indicator 99衝擊評估模式之單一比分為其指數；而物質循環指數則以能衡量人類經濟圈中物質新陳代謝之物質流分析為基礎來發展其指數。本研究發展之循環度指標為一通則性指標，可適用於各個回收物質，其中物質循環指數以物質特性與衰減情形為資源利用效率之依據，可針對不同回收物質特性差異進行修正。
在案例分析部份，因PET瓶為大眾所廣泛使用，其回收處理亦是重要課題，故以PET瓶為案例，並分就時間尺度比較2002〜2004年台灣PET瓶循環程度與區域尺度來比較2004年台灣和日本之PET瓶循環程度。研究結果顯示PET瓶循環度指標值，台灣由2002年6.36、2003年6.7，至2004年的7.16，對於邁向循環型社會發展有進步之趨勢；但台灣與日本PET瓶循環度指標值分別為7.16與29.05，因兩地PET回收系統之不同造成資源利用與環境負荷程度有所差異，顯示日本更為趨向循環型社會，因此本研究建議日本PET瓶回收循環系統可做為我國參考。

關鍵字

物質流,生命週期評估,循環型社會,循環度指標, bottle to bottle

並列摘要

Resource consumption and waste management are critical issues for sustainable development. Recycling-based society is an imperative objective and a proper indicator is needed to serve as a comparison criterion.
The principles of recycling-based society are effective resource utilization and decrease of environmental loads. Present indicators chiefly emphasized the material recycling rate and the efficiency of input-output processes. As for resources re-use after being recycled and re-processed, the effect of material characteristic on recycling ability and the additional pollutants were often ignored.

This paper developed the indicator by combining the material circulation index and the environmental load index to reflect resource use efficiency and the environmental impact from the re-processing. The Eco-indicator 99 model of life cycle assessment was chosen to calculate environmental impact. Material circulation was established by material flow analysis.
The circulation indicator developed in this study can be applied to all kinds of recycling material. Especially, the material circulation index was based on the resource use efficiency affected by the characteristic and decay of material.

PET bottles were used as the case study because the recycling of PET bottles has been an important issue. In this study, we analyzed PET bottles from 2002 to 2004 in Taiwan and compared the PET bottle recycling in Taiwan with that in Japan. The results showed that Taiwan PET circulation indicator values were 6.36 in 2003, 6.7 in 2003, and 7.16 in 2004. The increase suggested a trend toward recycling-based society. In comparison of Taiwan and Japan in 2004, the value was 7.16 and 29.05, respectively, due to different recycling systems. PET bottle recycling system in Japan was better than Taiwan in term of the pursuit toward recycling-based society.

並列關鍵字

material flow analysis, life cycle assessment, recycling-based society, circulation indicator, bottle to bottle

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