中共公務員迴避制度之研究

A Study on Civil Servant's Avoidance System of the People's Republic of China

王韻詞(Yun-Tzu Wang)

指導教授 ： 周繼祥

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2011.10865

摘要

環顧現今中共政府的體制，公務員是政府其部門的主要成員，協助政府處理各項業務，以利政府順利運作。為使政府部門運作順利，建立公務員體系顯得十分重要，其中的迴避制度最能協助公務員公正執行公務。迴避制度在中國出現的歷史已久，只是中共建政之初並未重視迴避制度，反而逆道而行，導致公務員產生嚴重的貪污情況，為了解決上述問題，中共當局才重新將迴避制度納入公務員體系當中。

　　要了解中共公務員的迴避制度，可以從迴避制度的歷史沿革看起，再探討迴避的相關法令規章與組織運作情形。有了上述的概念之後，再深入檢視迴避制度的環境因素，如文化、社會、政治與經濟等因素，透過了解歷史沿革與環境背景，才能掌握迴避制度的關鍵，並進一步進行迴避制度的相關評估以及研究建議。

　　本研究透過問卷與訪談方法，發現迴避制度的現實與理想狀況相去甚遠，官方宣稱迴避制度實行普遍並良好，但是實際上不是如此，迴避制度在地方上的實施並不如預期。此外，法律規定的缺陷是存在的，例如迴避制度的規定不夠嚴謹，迴避程序也不夠清楚，上述問題仍有待解決。再者，迴避制度與廉政是間接的關係，需要其他措施予以輔助。

　　為解決上述問題，必須將迴避制度規範清楚，並訂出法律後果，才能使迴避制度充分落實，而不只是虛有的制度。關於地區迴避的問題，實務上與學術上有些許落差，實務見解傾向保留地區迴避，然而學術見解則傾向廢除，關於地區迴避的問題仍要深入研究，才能做決定。

關鍵字

迴避制度 ； 廉政 ； 公務員 ； 熟人社會 ； 商品經濟

並列摘要

Observing the current administration system of the People’s Republic of China (PROC), civil servants are cardinal members in the administration. They assist the government in managing a variety of businesses and solving problems to make the government run smoothly. To make government departments operate without obstacles, building the system of civil servants becomes actually significant, among which the avoidance system can help civil servants carry out public affairs without partiality the most. The avoidance system can be traced back to two thousand years, but PROC didn’t pay much attention to it at the beginning of communist regime; instead, they adopt the reverse way, which leads to serious corruption of civil servants. To sort out the above issues, the government re-includes the avoidance system to civil-servants system.

To understand the avoidance system of PROC, we can start from its history, and further, its laws, regulations and relation with organization operation. With the above concepts, we further examine the environmental factors of the avoidance system, such as culture, society, politics, economy, and so on. By understanding its history and background, we hold the key point of the avoidance system, further processing related estimation and research suggestions of it.

By means of questionnaire and interviews, we find that the avoidance system is far away from ideal situations. Although the government claims that the avoidance system is well applied in average, the truth is not like that. The execution of the avoidance system is not satisfactory as expected. Besides, there are some defects in its regulations. For instance, the regulations of the avoidance system are not serious enough, and the procedures of it are unclear, either, in which both of them are still unsolved. Moreover, the relation between the avoidance system and political probity is indirect. We require other measurements to supply assistance.

To solve the issues that mentioned above, we have to precisely define the avoidance system and establish regulations for legal consequences. By doing so, we can fully execute the avoidance system rather than make it empty inside. Regarding the issue of the regional avoidance system, there are some differences between practice and academy. While practical views are inclined to reserve the regional avoidance system, academic opinions tend to abolish it. Therefore, we still need to research more of the regional avoidance system before making decision.

並列關鍵字

Avoidance system ； Political probity ； Civil servant ； Social acquaintances ； Commodity economy

參考文獻

丁惠美（2010），《中共公務員權利救濟制度之研究》，臺北：臺灣大學。

魏秀梅（1992），《清代之迴避制度》，臺北：中央研究院近代史研究所。

呂海嶠（2005），《大陸公務員考試及任用體系 : 與臺灣相關制度比較硏究》，臺北：臺灣大學。

魏秀梅（1988），〈清代任官之親族迴避制度〉，發表於近代中國初期歷史研討會，中央研究院近代史研究所主辦，1988年8月25至27日，臺北：中央研究院近代史研究所。

壹、中文書目