中國大陸民辦高等教育的政策改革與辦學模式之研究

A study on the reform of policies related to private higher education and the patterns of management of private higher education institutions in Mainland China

沈亭華(Ting-Hua Shen)

指導教授 ： 楊　瑩

淡江大學/教育學院/教育政策與領導研究所碩士班/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2017.00073

摘要

本研究主要是採用文件分析法，探討中國大陸民辦高等教育的政策改革、機構類型與辦學模式。本研究主要目的有：
一、探討中國大陸民辦高等教育的發展。
二、探討中國大陸民辦高等教育的重要政策改革。
三、探討中國大陸民辦高等教育機構的類型與辦學模式。
四、分析中國大陸民辦教育機構與政府的關係。
五、分析中國大陸民辦高等教育的特色與面臨的問題。
六、根據研究發現，提出可供未來相關政策改革之參考建議。
本研究的主要結論可歸納如下：
一、中國大陸民辦高校於1978年後開始重建，歷經不同階段發展，政府目前已制定《民辦教育促進法》專法管理。
二、中國大陸民辦高等教育機構或辦學模式相當多元。
三、中國大陸民辦高等教育的發展會依地方政府的支持度而有差異。
四、近年來中國大陸民辦高校的發展快速，其辦學層級已從專科提升至本科及研究所階段。
五、中國大陸政府對民辦高校的管理於1990年代開始面臨轉折，政府、學校、市場開始形成三角互動關係，且自2010年起轉為積極的支持發展。
六、中國大陸民辦高校最主要的特色是專業設置以配合市場需求為主，且重視產學研合作及社區需求。
七、中國大陸民辦高校已漸關注學校辦學定位。
八、中國大陸政府已允許營利性民辦高校的存在，致民辦高校面臨營利性與非營利性劃分選擇之兩難困境。

關鍵字

中國大陸 ； 民辦高等教育 ； 政策改革 ； 辦學模式

並列摘要

This study mainly aims, via adopting the method of document analysis, and literature review to explore the policy reforms, development, and the management patterns of the private higher education institutions in Mainland China. The purposes of this study are :
1. To understand the development of private higher education in Mainland China.
2. To clarify the major reform of policies of private higher education in Mainland China.
3. To analyze the categories of private higher education institutions, as well as their patterns of management in Mainland China.
4. To explore the relations of private higher education institutions to the government.
5. To analyze the specific features of the private higher education in Mainland China, and the problems faced by private higher education institutions in Mainland China.
6. To propose suggestions, based on the findings of this study, useful for the future reforms of policies related.
The conclusions of this study can be summarized as follows:
1. The private higher education in Mainland China has been developed through different stages since its re-construction in 1978, and the “Private Education Promotion Law” has been enacted as the base rule in Mainland China.
2. The categories of private higher education institutions (PHEIs) in Mainland China and their management patterns are considerably diversified.
3. The development of private higher education in Mainland China have been subject to the support of local governments and their provisions in different cities or regions varied accordingly.
4. The development of private higher education in Mainland China has been very fast, and the programms they are entitled to provide have been, with the approval of the government, extended from the undergraduate level to the postgraduate level.
5. The policies concerning the management of private higher education institutions in Mainland China has been reformed dramatically since the 1990s, the government, the PHEIs, and the market have been interacted as in triangular partnership with one another, and the role of the government towards the PHEIs has changed from the previous dominant one, to a positive supporter.
6. To provide programms in accordance with the demands of the market has been one of the most specific features of private higher education in Mainland China, and the retaining of the close cooperation with the industry and neighboring communities has been emphasized by most PHEIs.
7.Some PHEIs have tried, via positioning themselves according to their development strategies, to establish their own special characteristics.
8. All PHEIs in Mainland China are in a dilemma situation, while the government has allowed them to choose either to be an institution for profit, or non-profit.

並列關鍵字

Mainland China ； private higher education ； policy reform ； pattern of management

參考文獻

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