WTO架構下台灣保險業進入大陸市場策略之研究

A Study on the China Market Entrance Strategies for Taiwan’s Insurance Industry under the WTO Framework

蔡政利(Cheng-Li Tsai)

指導教授 ： 陳瑞

淡江大學/商學院/保險學系保險經營碩士在職專班/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2007.00110

摘要

2001年11月22日中國大陸保監會國際部副主任孟昭億先生在“中國保險市場與WTO國際高峰年會＂上，正式揭露了中國大陸入世後在保險業方面的對外開放承諾，可謂中國大陸官方首次詳盡揭露外資保險機構設立形式與營業許可等開放市場的承諾。而截至目前為止，台灣保險業除了國泰人壽於2005年2月與大陸東方航空合資的大陸國泰人壽於上海正式開幕營運之外，尚無其他保險公司正式成立公司營運。
本研究歸納出現階段在WTO架構下台灣保險業進入大陸保險市場的策略，並運用SWOT分析台灣保險業發展大陸市場之現況，研究之結論如下：
一、兩岸皆為WTO會員國，可透過WTO機制促進兩岸之正常經貿關係。
二、自由貿易協定(FTA)方興未艾，兩岸可評估進行類似協定之簽署。
三、兩岸經貿整合採取不同的策略而最大阻力來自於政治歧異。
四、保險業進入大陸市場目前題最大障礙是「532條款」中的需50億美元資產規定，尤其對產險業者而言，更是難上加難。
中國大陸以國家名義加入WTO，台、港、澳則是以關稅區域名稱加入，基於兩岸四地皆為WTO的會員為基礎，並在「大中華市場」與「WTO規範」兩項原則下進行經濟的協商，至於名稱的部份，本文認為蕭萬長先生所提出之CEOF（Closer Economic Operation Framework，更緊密的經濟運作架構）在目前兩岸存有岐見的情況下亦不失為一可行的方案，本文建議可由保險業先行，以「堆積木」的方式逐步架構兩岸完整的經濟整合模式。
至於其具體之實施步驟可分為三個階段如下：
第一階段先由兩岸具代表性的工商團體成立對口單位，並結合學者專家先行研究兩岸更緊密經貿關係安排的可行模式。
第二階段則提升為產官學檢討委員會，針對兩岸更緊密經貿關係安排必要的貨物貿易、服務貿易和貿易投資便捷化等實質課題，展開建設性的磋商。
第三階段再由兩岸政府授權適當的、具有公權力的團體出面簽署。

關鍵字

WTO架構 ； 保險業 ； 大陸市場 ； 自由貿易協定 ； 更緊密經貿關係

並列摘要

On December 22 of 2001, vise chairman, Mr. Zhao-Yi Meng, of China International Association of Insurance Supervisors officially reveals the business licensing and structure for foreign capital-based insurance entity. This was a detailed disclosure of the plan China government has for the insurance industry to fulfill their open market promise. To date, Cathay Life Insurance Co., Ltd. joint-venture with China Eastern Airline in February of 2005, is the only Taiwanese insurance company to enter the China market.
This research classifies the strategies for Taiwanese insurance industry to make its entrance into the China market under current WTO framework, and analyses its development utilizing the SWOT method. This research makes the following conclusions:
1.China and Taiwan are both members of the WTO, thus normal trade relations could be advocated though the mechanisms of WTO.
2.With the popularity of FTA, both parties could consider proceeding agreements similar to that in FTA.
3.Each party has its own economic integration strategies; most obstructions originate from the political differences.
4.The greatest obstacle encountered by the insurance industry for entering the China market is the “Item 532”, which requires a US$ 5 billion capital. This is even more stressful on property insurance companies.
People’s Republic of China joined WTO as a nation; on the other hand, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau all jointed as separate custom territories. Based on the respect that all four entities are members of the WTO, all parties could negotiate under the principles of the “Chinese Market Region” and “WTO Regulations.” With regard to entitle, it is the belief of this thesis that the CEOF (Closer Economic Operation Framework) proposed by Mr. Wan-Chang Xiao, can be compromised while disagreements still exist between the Cross-Strait. This paper proposes that insurance industry can be the pioneer in “block-building” a complete economic structure between the Cross-Strait regions.
The actual execution of the proposal is categorized into 3 phases:
The first phase involves the formation of a communication window by renowned business organizations from both parties while scholars could initiate the establishment of a plausible model based on the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA).
The second phase involves the promotion of communication windows into an industrial, political and academic advisory committee, which serves as constructive consultants on crucial issues such as commodity, service trades and investment facilitation.
The third phase involves governments from both parties to designate appropriate authorities to substantiate any agreement.

並列關鍵字

insurance industry ； China market ； WTO framework ； FTA

參考文獻

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