國防部長在面臨危機時的領導統御-以洪仲丘案為例

The Leadership of Secretary of Defense When Faced with a Crisis – in the case of Hung Chung-chi

張云(Yun Chang)

指導教授 ： 陳文政

淡江大學/國際研究學院/國際事務與戰略研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2015.00327

摘要

近年來，由於內部管理不當，業已重創國軍社會形象。在面臨社會大眾對國軍的質疑，國防部長身為國軍的領航人，應該更重視其領導統御，才能帶領團隊向前。因此，本研究除理論論述外，為更貼近問題核心與現實，以開放式的填答問卷的途徑，進行國防部成員對部長領導行為期待的調查。期望從填答者的內容來分析國防部長相關領導態樣及性格缺陷。
　　研究發現，國防部成員心目中最理想的部長領導行為，是「關懷體恤」、「以身作則、勇於承擔」以及「溝通聆聽」等行為，這些均在洪案的危機處理中呈現出是非常關鍵的因素。身為一個領導人，應深入探究內在自我性格，特別在危機時展現出來的性格特徵。
再者，受試者普遍認為最不理想的國防部長領導行為是「威權專制」，因此領導者必須降低部屬對威權的排斥，改變威權領導的負面形象，以信任取代威權領導。同時，重視軍人價值觀，更是建立堅強卓越的軍隊基礎，因此，領導人若能適度運用馬洛斯需求層次理論，讓國軍成員滿足本身生理需求，才能提升自尊、責任、義務及自我實現等高層次價值與需求。
　　最後，建議未來國軍領導幹部，應加強對國軍危機管理及溝通效能做有效探討與省思，尤其著重在事前預防。未來領導者，多以關懷及溝通為主，不喪失軍人尊嚴與氣節，勇於承擔錯誤之外，查明真相、不逃避問題，記取教訓亦不墨守成規，大破大立的更正不合時宜的規定，已達安定內部士氣、穩定軍心，重塑國軍形象。

關鍵字

國防部長 ； 性格 ； 領導 ； 洪仲丘事件

並列摘要

Recently, the societal image of our military was seriously damaged by several mismanagements within the camp. Facing with the increasingly societal suspicion toward the military, the Minister of National Defense, as the navigator of the armed forces as a whole, should appreciate more about the significance of his leadership. Thus, in addition to theoretic arguments, this research stresses the approach of open-questionnaire and conducts the survey among officers in the Ministry of National Defense about their expectations of Minister’s leadership. The author wishes to obtain more insightful and realistic solutions to the problems through the content analysis draw from the respondents’ answers to understand the types of Minister’s leadership and its shortfalls.
The findings of this research suggest that the most expected types of Minister’s leadership are “compassionate care,” “lead by example and the courage to take,” and ”listening and communicating” which all played vital roles in crisis management in the case of Hung. As a leader, the Minister should self-examine his character which embedded in his personality and manifested when crisis coming. Also, according to the survey, the Minster’s “authoritarian autocratic” leadership is the least preferred type. Therefore the resistance against the Minister’s authoritarian autocratic” leadership must be reduced. Trust should be taken as substitution to change the negative image caused by Minister’s authoritarian leadership. Meanwhile, taking the military values seriously is a strong foundation to establish an excellence army forces. The Minister could follow Maslow’s model as to the hierarchy of needs, in order to enhance self-esteem, responsibility, obligations and achieve high levels of self-worth and needs.
Finally, this research recommends that the future military cadres should study and reflect their capacities in crisis management, communication and prevention in particular. To rebuild the societal image of the armed forces, future leaders should act, upon care and communication, with military dignity and integrity, to verify the truth without evading the problems, to learn lessons not from outdated experience, to make changes boldly than just following the rules, and to bolster military morale for the steady armed forces.

並列關鍵字

Defense Minister ； character ； leadership ； Hung Chung-chi event

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